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Common approaches to pica treatment involve intensive staffing and near continuous behavioral monitoring to proactively disrupt any attempts at this potentially life threatening behavior. Including differential reinforcement of discarding pica items as a contingency in such interventions has been suggested as a more practical treatment model, but the evidence base for this approach is limited. We replicated this work by evaluating differential reinforcement for discarding pica items in conjunction with response blocking and differential reinforcement of other behavior in the treatment of pica exhibited by two children. We extended this work by evaluating sustained reductions when therapist and caregiver monitoring was reduced.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2019.1689436 | DOI Listing |
Front Nutr
August 2025
Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval University, Shanghai, China.
Background: This study aims to investigate the impact of high-sodium diet (HSD) on the global burden of aortic aneurysm (AA), analyze its epidemiological trends across different regions, sexes, and age groups, and project future trends.
Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) to assess the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and death cases of AA attributable to HSD (AA-HSD) from 1990 to 2021. A decomposition analysis was conducted to quantify the contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes to the disease burden.
Parasitol Int
September 2025
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Electronic address:
Toxocara alienata infects racoons and wild pigs in South America and its taxonomy is important to distinguish the species from closely related zoonotic congeners, such as T. canis. This study provides the first genetic characterization of T.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Inst Mech Eng H
September 2025
Faculty of Medicine, Sirindhorn School of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand.
This study provides valuable guidance for simplifying fabrication procedures and enhancing the structural integrity and safety of carbon fiber (CF) laminate transfemoral (TF) prosthetic sockets. While the high specific strength of CF laminate sockets offers advantages over conventional plastics, essential production data-their orientation-dependent strength and optimal cure conditions-are lacking, often requiring complex, costly cure cycles. This study investigated (i) the influence of fiber orientation on TF prosthetic CF socket strength via finite element analysis (FEA) during standing, and (ii) optimal single-step Vacuum-Bag-Only (VBO) cure conditions for prepreg in a low-cost conventional oven.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuaternary glacial cycles have been key drivers of diversification for Holarctic species, promoting divergence, isolation, and extinction processes in numerous taxa. These cycles facilitated evolutionary radiations in some groups but also erased much of the evolutionary history of species with northern origins. Here, we investigate the evolutionary and phylogeographic history of the Palmate Newt (), a widespread species in post-glacial ecosystems in Western Europe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTissue Cell
August 2025
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530016, China. Electronic address:
Background: PD-1/PD-L1, a classic immune checkpoint commonly employed in targeted therapy, has proven to yield only limited benefits for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Unraveling the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the progression of LUSC serves as the foundation for discovering more effective treatment strategies.
Methods: A study was conducted on the differential expression of PSAT1 and ONECUT1 in LUSC based on data from the TCGA database.