First molecular characterization and species validation of Toxocara alienata (Rudolphi 1819) (Nematoda: Ascarididae), from a crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus).

Toxocara alienata infects racoons and wild pigs in South America and its taxonomy is important to distinguish the species from closely related zoonotic congeners, such as T. canis. This study provides the first genetic characterization of T.

Protozoan parasites of birds from the Tremembé formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin), São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: To analyze the presence of protozoan parasites in bird coprolites from the Tremembé Formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin).

Materials: Twenty avian coprolites embedded in pyrobituminous shale matrices.

Methods: Samples were rehydrated and subjected to spontaneous sedimentation.