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Neglect is a common and frequently chronic form of child maltreatment that can compromise child development and increase the risk of physical and psychological problems. In this review, we discuss one of the potential ways neglect becomes biologically embedded by shaping the development of a key stress responsive system: namely, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Several potential mediators and moderators of this process are examined, including inflammation, attachment and social buffering, self-regulation, child sex and age, and genetics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.07.010 | DOI Listing |
Encephale
September 2025
Département de psychiatrie de l'adolescent et du jeune adulte, institut mutualiste Montsouris, 42, boulevard Jourdan, Paris, France; UVSQ, Inserm U1178, PsyDev, CESP université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
The body of knowledge on trauma is rapidly expanding. Since 2022, the WHO has been calling for the history of adversity to be systematically taken into account when assessing the state of health of all individuals. But at this stage, our understanding of the precise mechanisms of complex trauma remains incomplete.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Psychol (Amst)
September 2025
Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria.
When under stress, individuals often make suboptimal decisions due to altered decision-making strategies. These alterations may be particularly costly in high-risk scenarios, yet the precise relationship between acute stress and risk-taking behavior remains unclear. In the present pilot study, using a quasi-experimental design, we examined whether an experimentally induced psychosocial stressor would elevate RTB under competitive conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicine (Baltimore)
September 2025
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Türkiye.
Insulin tolerance tests (ITTs), glucagon tests, and low or standard-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone tests are used to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. While ITT is considered the gold standard test for stimulating both the cortisol and growth hormone axis, its use in young children carries a risk of hypoglycemia, making it potentially unsafe. Recent studies indicate that L-dopa stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao
August 2025
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Meridian Viscera Correlationship, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
Objectives: To clarify the role of hippocampal glutamate system in regulating HPA axis in mediating the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at the heart meridian for improving myocardial injury in rats with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI).
Methods: Male SD rats were randomized into sham-operated group, AMI group, EA group, and L-glutamic acid+EA group (=9). Rat models of AMI were established by left descending coronary artery ligation, and EA was applied at the "Shenmen-Tongli" segment; the rats in L-glutamic acid+EA group were subjected to microinjection of L-glutamic acid into the bilateral hippocampus prior to AMI modeling and EA treatment.
Behav Brain Res
September 2025
School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Tinnitus, the auditory perception of sound without an external environmental stimulus, affects 15% of the human population and is associated with hearing loss. Interestingly, anxiety may be a significant risk factor in tinnitus pathophysiology potentially due to underlying common neural circuits of the auditory and limbic systems. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of stress-induced anxiety on tinnitus development in a rat model.
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