98%
921
2 minutes
20
Epithelial tissues protecting organs from the environment are the first-line of defense against pathogens. Therefore, efficient repair mechanisms after injury are crucial to maintain epithelial integrity. However, these healing processes can be insufficient to restore epithelial integrity, notably in infectious conditions. infections in cutaneous, corneal, and respiratory tract epithelia are of particular concern because they are the leading causes of hospitalizations, disabilities, and deaths worldwide. has been shown to alter repair processes, leading to chronic wounds and infections. Because of the current increase in the incidence of multi-drug resistant isolates of , complementary approaches to decrease the negative impact of these bacteria on epithelia are urgently needed. Here, we review the recent advances in the understanding of the impact of infections on the integrity and repair mechanisms of alveolar, airway, cutaneous and corneal epithelia. Potential therapeutic avenues aimed at counteracting this deleterious impact of infection are also discussed.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6554286 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00182 | DOI Listing |
EMBO J
September 2025
Department of Bacterial Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of SCIENCE TOKYO, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
Many enteric bacterial pathogens deliver virulence effectors to counteract host innate immune responses, such as inflammation and cell death, and colonize the intestinal epithelium. However, host cells recognize the disruption of their innate immune signaling by bacterial effectors and induce alternative immune responses, collectively termed "effector-triggered immunity", to clear bacterial pathogens. Here, we describe a mechanism of cell death induction via effector-triggered immunity and the bacterial countermeasures of the pathogen Shigella flexneri.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
September 2025
Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
The human stomach features distinct, regionalized functionalities along the anterior-posterior axis. Historically, studies on stomach patterning have used animal models to identify the underlying principles. Recently, human pluripotent stem (hPS)-cell-based gastric organoids for modelling domain-specific development of the fundic and antral epithelium are emerging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncogene
September 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Resistance to platinum-based drugs and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) is the leading cause of treatment failure in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). This study aimed to identify resistance mechanisms shared by both. Using bioinformatic analyses, EOC tissues, primary tumor cells and organoids, and chemoresistant cell lines, we identified lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) as a candidate, whose expression was increased in both platinum-resistant and PARPi-resistant tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Signal
September 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Engin
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a mitochondrial disorder marked by central vision loss, exhibits incomplete penetrance and male predominance. Since there are no adequate models for understanding the rapid vision loss associated with LHON, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from LHON patients carrying the pathogenic m.3635G > A mutation and differentiated them into retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Cell Res
September 2025
Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132, Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genova, Italy. Electronic address:
Organoids are 3D structures in which stem, progenitor and differentiated cells spontaneously assemble into structures resembling the original tissue. Endometrial organoids, developed from tissue fragments, are genetically stable and responsive to hormone stimulation acquiring a hallow lumen, secretory activity and apico-basal polarity. However, they show some limitations in mimicking the midluteal endometrium since they lack endothelial, immune, and stromal cells, thus providing limited information about epithelial-stromal interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF