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Avoidance of reproductive conflict and the evolution of menopause in chimpanzees.
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There is a critical need to generate age- and sex-specific survival curves to characterize chronological aging consistently across nonhuman primates (NHP) used in biomedical research. Sex-specific Kaplan-Meier survival curves were computed in 12 translational aging models: baboon, bonnet macaque, chimpanzee, common marmoset, coppery titi monkey, cotton-top tamarin, cynomolgus macaque, Japanese macaque, pigtail macaque, rhesus macaque, squirrel monkey, and vervet/African green. After employing strict inclusion criteria, primary results are based on 12,269 NHPs that survived to adulthood and died of natural/health-related causes.
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Existing protected areas are anchors for conservation. Safeguarding flora and fauna within their peripheral areas is essential to maintaining their integrity and to potential increases to the area under effective conservation. With the decline in tropical forests, initiatives to increase the area of undisturbed forests under strict protection, particularly those neighboring protected areas, is of critical importance.
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