Profile and Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Ventricular Septal Rupture in Patients With Shock.

Background: The outcomes of surgical treatment of ventricular septal rupture (VSR) complicating acute myocardial infarction are worse in patients with cardiogenic shock. This study aimed to identify clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with VSR presenting with cardiogenic shock.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 105 consecutive VSR patients, 71 with cardiogenic shock (67.6%) and 34 without cardiogenic shock (32.4%), who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery of Fuwai Hospital between January 2002 and December 2017. Baseline characteristics and outcomes in patients with VSR with and without cardiogenic shock were assessed.

Results: There were no differences in hypertension, diabetes, history of myocardial infarction, body mass index, or location of VSR between patients with and without cardiogenic shock. The size of VSR was larger in patients with cardiogenic shock than in those without (18.2 ± 8.1 mm vs 14.0 ± 7.8 mm; P = .013). Intraaortic balloon pump was required more in patients with cardiogenic shock before operation (39 [68.4%] vs 1 [5.0%]; P < .001]. More emergency surgeries were performed in the cardiogenic shock group (21 [29.6%] vs 3 [8.8%]; P = .018). There were 3 in-hospital deaths among patients with VSR with cardiogenic shock. After 76.56 ± 47.78 months of follow-up, only 2 noncardiac deaths were documented.

Conclusions: The larger the ventricular septal rupture is, the more prone patients are to develop cardiogenic shock. Surgical treatment outcomes for VSR with cardiogenic shock are satisfactory.