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A network of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is responsible for the detection of invading viruses and acts as the trigger for the host antiviral response. Central to this apparatus is stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which functions as a node and integrator of detection signals. Owing to its role in both intrinsic and adaptive immunity, STING has become a focus for researchers in the field of oncolytic virotherapy. In this review, we consider the function of the cGAS-STING axis and its regulation, both by cellular mechanisms and as a result of viral interference.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omto.2019.02.002 | DOI Listing |
Virulence
December 2025
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen that seriously endangers pig breeding, causing significant economic losses to the global swine industry. Our previous study found that the DNA sensing innate cGAS-STING signaling pathway plays an important role in inducing interferon (IFN) upon PRRSV infection and inhibition of PRRSV replication. However, the mechanism underlying immune evasion by PRRSV remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
July 2025
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
The vast majority of viruses causing human and animal diseases are enveloped-their virions contain an outer lipid bilayer originating from a host cell. Small molecule antivirals targeting the lipid bilayer cover the broadest spectrum of viruses. In this context, we consider the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of membrane-targeting antivirals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Rep Med
August 2025
Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Unlike preceding MERS-related coronaviruses, the recently identified MjHKU4r-CoV-1 strain can directly infect human cells. Nonetheless, its potential pathogenic attributes and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We find that MjHKU4r-CoV-1 induces significant inflammation, including interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and exhibits pronounced fusogenicity mediated by its spike (S) protein, leading to extensive syncytium formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMikrochim Acta
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
An innovative sensor technology is introduced that employs molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the electrochemical detection of ritonavir (RTV), a protease inhibitor utilized in HIV therapy. RTV is frequently used in combination with other drugs since it is also a significant inhibitor of the P450 3A4 isoenzyme. Therefore, accurate detection of RTV in complex mixtures and intricate biological matrices is necessary to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of RTV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pharm
September 2025
Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Anhui Stomatological Hospital), West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230032, China. Electronic address:
Since its emergence in China in December 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has escalated into a global pandemic emergency, demanding immediate and coordinated international action. This comprehensive review offers a broad, interdisciplinary perspective, exploring how advancements in nanotechnologies can aid in the battle against COVID-19 and other infectious diseases, with an emphasis on future pandemic preparedness. By analyzing the virus's life cycle, we identify key points where nanotechnology can be effective.
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