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Although the effects of estrogen on sexual behavior in mammals are well known, its role on other types of behavior, including cognition, have only recently been recognized. This review summarizes work conducted in our laboratory and others with the aim of identifying the effects of estrogen on cognitive functions. The first section will briefly describe the neurobiology of estrogen. The second section will discuss the effects of estrogen on cognitive behaviors in mammals, as well as the physiological relevance of these effects and their applicability to human health and disease. The third section will detail the role of estrogen on working memory in humans and nonhuman primates, and in rodents. Finally, the concluding section will briefly describe the relationship between estrogen and the aging brain.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eem.09.30 | DOI Listing |
J Alzheimers Dis
September 2025
The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
BackgroundWomen have a higher risk of dementia than men. Reproductive factors may be implicated.ObjectiveDetermine the association between reproductive factors (earlier menarche, later menopause, longer reproductive lifespan (RLS), post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy [pmHRT] use, and serum estradiol/estrone) and neurocognitive and neuroimaging markers of brain aging and incident dementia in cognitively healthy women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
September 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China.
Sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity is age-dependent, but the role of sex differences is unclear. While testosterone has protective effects, the impact of estrogen remains unknown. This study investigates the effects of sevoflurane on neurotoxicity in adult, middle-aged, and aged male and female mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Nutr ESPEN
September 2025
Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, 2-1-132, Osaka-shi, Osaka 536-8525, JAPAN; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Moriokachō, Obu, Aichi, 474-0038, Japan. Electron
Background & Aims: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, findings remain inconsistent. Assessing vitamin D status based solely on total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may be insufficient, and other metabolites, such as 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)D] and 3-epimer-25-hydroxyvitamin D [3-epi-25(OH)D], may provide additional insights. This study aimed to examine the association between serum vitamin D metabolite concentrations and cognitive function in older adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Drug Investig
September 2025
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88400, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
Background: Iclepertin is a selective inhibitor of glycine transporter 1 recently investigated as a novel treatment for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. Iclepertin is a potential mild inducer of liver cytochrome P450 3A4, which metabolises ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel, which are used in combined oral contraceptives (OCs).
Objectives: This trial investigated the potential drug interaction effect of steady-state iclepertin on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of combined OCs.
Aging Dis
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Basic Theory Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) are the two most common forms of dementia, and they share common mechanisms, especially in regard to neurovascular dysfunction. There has been increasing evidence that the disruption of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which consists of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and basement membrane, is one of the key early events in both AD and VD. The objective of this review is to summarize the structure and physiological function of the NVU, then discuss the pathological remodeling of the NVU in AD and VD and finally, show emerging evidence of multi-target approaches that restore the NVU and neurovascular protection.
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