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Information integration across the senses is fundamental for effective interactions with our environment. The extent to which signals from different senses can interact in the absence of awareness is controversial. Combining the spatial ventriloquist illusion and dynamic continuous flash suppression (dCFS), we investigated in a series of two experiments whether visual signals that observers do not consciously perceive can influence spatial perception of sounds. Importantly, dCFS obliterated visual awareness only on a fraction of trials allowing us to compare spatial ventriloquism for physically identical flashes that were judged as visible or invisible. Our results show a stronger ventriloquist effect for visible than invisible flashes. Critically, a robust ventriloquist effect emerged also for invisible flashes even when participants were at chance when locating the flash. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that signals that we are not aware of in one sensory modality can alter spatial perception of signals in another sensory modality.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30773-3 | DOI Listing |
Psych J
August 2025
School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
Facial attractiveness can be automatically perceived in implicit tasks when the faces are visible. Nonetheless, to date, it is poorly understood to what extent facial attractiveness can be processed when faces are invisible. It is also worth exploring the differences between visible and invisible processing of facial attractiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConscious Cogn
April 2025
Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Research Centre (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. Electronic address:
Traditional paradigms for studying the unconscious processing of threatening facial expressions face methodological limitations and have predominantly focused on fear, leaving gaps in our understanding of anger. Additionally, it is unclear how the unconscious perception of anger influences subjective anger experiences. To address this, the current study employed Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS), a robust method for studying unconscious processing, to assess suppression times for angry, fearful and happy facial expressions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform
March 2025
Zhejiang University, Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences.
The question of whether low-level perceptual processes are involved in language comprehension remains unclear. Here, we introduce a promising paradigm in which the role of motion perception in phrase understanding may be causally inferred without interpretational ambiguity. After participants had been adapted to either leftward or rightward drifting motion, resulting in the reduced responsiveness of motion neurons coding for the adapted direction, they were asked to indicate whether a subsequent verb phrase denoted leftward or rightward motion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConscious Cogn
March 2025
Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
Breaking continuous flash suppression (bCFS) is a widely used experimental paradigm that exploits detection tasks to measure the time an invisible stimulus requires to access awareness. Oneunresolved issue is whether differences in detection times reflect unconscious or conscious processing. To answer this question, here we introduce a novel approach (reverse-bCFS [rev-bCFS]) that measures the time an initially visible stimulus requires to be suppressed from awareness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Biol
January 2025
Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
In the perceptual sciences, there is an ongoing debate about the depth of unconscious processing. Here, we address this issue by implementing three improvements with regards to paradigm, stimuli and analyses to explore the neural correlates of unconscious face processing. Our results demonstrated that conscious faces elicited broader univariate activations than conscious scenes.
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