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tRNA-derived small RNAs (tDRs) are a group of small, non-coding RNAs derived from transfer RNAs (tRNAs). They can be classified as tRNA halves and tRNA-derived small RNA fragments (tRFs). Accumulating experimental evidence suggests their functional roles in cells and in various biological processes. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques allow a large amount of small RNA deep-sequencing data to be generated. To investigate tDRs from these data, software to identify tDRs and databases to retrieve or manage tDR data have been devised. In this review, we summarized the tools and databases for tDR identification and collection, with the aim of helping researchers choose the best tools for their analysis and inspiring the invention or improvement of tools in the field.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna3010002 | DOI Listing |
Front Cardiovasc Med
August 2025
The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that are generated by cleavage of precursors or mature tRNAs under stress conditions such as hypoxia, oxidative stress and nutrient deficiency. Recent breakthroughs in RNA sequencing technology have revealed their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including myocardial infarction (MI), atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, aortic coarctation, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. tsRNAs play important biological functions in these diseases, including the inhibition of apoptosis, epigenetic modification, intercellular signaling mediation, translation, and regulation of gene expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Adv Res
August 2025
Microbiology and intelligent biomanufacturing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. Electronic address:
Introduction: Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have been proven to play crucial roles in various biological processes such as development, stress responses, virulence, and pathogenicity. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of the currently available databases can store, manage, and analyze the vast amounts of sncRNA sequencing data. A comprehensive web-based platform for the integration and analysis of sncRNAs in fungi and their potential functions is still lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Res
August 2025
West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived fragments (tRFs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that have recently been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including tumor development and progression. Identification of the roles of tRFs in cancer could provide insights into tumor biology and treatment strategies. Here, we found that tRF-21LeuTAA supported progression of prostate cancer by regulating glutathione metabolic enzymes and promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCells
August 2025
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents a growing global public health challenge, now accounting for approximately half of all heart failure cases and often linked to a systemic pathophysiological process in older adults with multiple comorbidities. Despite increasing recognition of the vascular contributions to HFpEF, the precise molecular mechanisms, particularly the role of noncoding Ribonucleic Acids (ncRNAs) in mediating vascular aging and subsequent cardiac dysfunction, remain incompletely understood. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanistic link between vascular aging and HFpEF, with a specific focus on the pivotal roles of ncRNAs in this complex interplay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForensic Sci Int Genet
January 2026
Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education; West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China. Ele
Identification of body fluid types at crime scenes is a critical step in forensic science, providing essential context for criminal investigations and the interpretation of evidence. Epigenetic markers, particularly small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), have attracted increasing attention in forensic body fluid identification, with various small RNA species demonstrating potential as biomarkers for distinguishing different body fluid types. A novel class of sncRNAs, tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), has been detected in various biological samples, yet their potential application in forensic body fluid identification remains unexplored.
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