Category Ranking

98%

Total Visits

921

Avg Visit Duration

2 minutes

Citations

20

Article Abstract

The European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) Technical Committee 264 'Air Quality' has recently produced a standard method for the measurements of organic carbon and elemental carbon in PM within its working group 35 in response to the requirements of European Directive 2008/50/EC. It is expected that this method will be used in future by all Member States making measurements of the carbonaceous content of PM. This paper details the results of a laboratory and field measurement campaign and the statistical analysis performed to validate the standard method, assess its uncertainty and define its working range to provide clarity and confidence in the underpinning science for future users of the method. The statistical analysis showed that the expanded combined uncertainty for transmittance protocol measurements of OC, EC and TC is expected to be below 25%, at the 95% level of confidence, above filter loadings of 2 μg cm. An estimation of the detection limit of the method for total carbon was 2 μg cm. As a result of the laboratory and field measurement campaign the EUSAAR2 transmittance measurement protocol was chosen as the basis of the standard method EN 16909:2017.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7em00261kDOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

standard method
12
organic carbon
8
carbon elemental
8
elemental carbon
8
working range
8
laboratory field
8
field measurement
8
measurement campaign
8
statistical analysis
8
method
7

Similar Publications

Background: Children in low- and middle-income countries face obstacles to optimal language and cognitive development due to a variety of factors related to adverse socioeconomic conditions. One of these factors is compromised caregiver-child interactions and associated pressures on parenting. Early development interventions, such as dialogic book-sharing (DBS), address this variable, with evidence from both high-income countries and urban areas of low- and middle-income countries showing that such interventions enhance caregiver-child interaction and the associated benefits for child cognitive and socioemotional development.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: With the availability of more advanced and effective treatments, life expectancy has improved among patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), but this makes communication with their medical oncologist more complex. Some patients struggle to learn about their therapeutic options and to understand and articulate their preferences. Mobile health (mHealth) apps can enhance patient-provider communication, playing a crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment, quality of life, and outcomes for patients living with MBC.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Telemedicine is developing rapidly, presenting new opportunities and challenges for physicians and patients. Limited research has examined physicians' behavior during the process of adopting telemedicine and related factors.

Objective: This study aimed to identify perceived barriers and enablers of physicians' adoption of telemedicine and to develop intervention strategies.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Fermented foods vary significantly by food substrate and regional consumption patterns. Although they are consumed worldwide, their intake and potential health benefits remain understudied. Europe, in particular, lacks specific consumption recommendations for most fermented foods.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: In pediatric intensive care units, pain, sedation, delirium, and iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) must be managed as interrelated conditions. Although clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) exist, new evidence needs to be incorporated, gaps in recommendations addressed, and recommendations adapted to the European context.

Objective: This protocol describes the development of the first patient- and family-informed European guideline for managing pain, sedation, delirium, and IWS by the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF