The potential of high temporal resolution automatic measurements of PM composition as an alternative to the filter-based manual method used in routine monitoring.

Under the EU Air Quality Directive (AQD) 2008/50/EC member states are required to undertake routine monitoring of PM composition at background stations. The AQD states for PM speciation this should include at least: nitrate , sulfate , chloride (Cl), ammonium (NH4), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). Until 2017, it was the responsibility of each country to determine the methodology used to report the composition for the inorganic components of PM.

A robust regression analysis method to determine the significance of trends in concentrations of heavy metals in UK ambient air and improve network design and emission inventories.

A novel application of the Theil-Sen robust regression method for determining the temporal trends in the concentration of heavy metals in UK ambient air over the period 2005-2020 is presented and compared to other regression methods. We have demonstrated improvements over non-robust methods of regression, proving the ability to tease out trends that are small with respect to the variability of the concentration measurement. The method is used to identify, in general, large and significant trends in the concentrations of Ni, As, Pb and V over the period 2005-2020, either across the UK as a whole or at groupings of site classifications in the UK.

Air-quality networks collect environmental DNA with the potential to measure biodiversity at continental scales.

One of the biggest planetary challenges is the accelerating loss of biodiversity threatening ecosystem functioning on a global scale. The WWF Living Planet Report (https://livingplanet.panda.

Falling nickel concentrations in ambient air in South Wales - 50 years of progress.

Measurement of the composition of ambient air has become increasingly widespread over the last 50 years as the detrimental health effects of some air pollutants have become clearer and requirements for these measurements has been embedded in national and international legislation. The aim of this has been not only to assess exposure of the general population to air pollutants but also to assess the effectiveness of abatement strategies to reduce emissions of these pollutants at source. With a rich industrial heritage, the Swansea Valley (South Wales, UK) has long been associated with the refining and production of metal products, especially nickel.

Safe Sampling Volume determinations of 12 volatile organic compounds on Carboxen 1003, Carbopack-X & Tenax-TA.

Pumped sorbent tube sampling is a well established method for the sampling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in ambient, indoor and workplace atmospheres. Safe sampling volumes and breakthrough volumes have been published for commonly found VOCs on widely used sorbents such as Tenax, however for newer sorbents and less commonly found VOCs there is less robust data. The Safe Sampling Volumes (SSVs) were determined from 15 tests of Retention Volume on 12 VOCs across the 3 sorbents.

Concentration trends of metals in ambient air in the UK: a review.

The monitoring of metals in ambient air has been undertaken for over 40 years on a national basis in the UK. During this period, the UK pollution landscape has continued to evolve in terms of emission sources, and the measurement framework for metals in ambient air, the UK Heavy Metals Monitoring Network, has also been subject to significant configuration changes. Therefore, this work provides a timely review of more recent concentration trends in the context of current emission profiles.

Standardisation of a European measurement method for organic carbon and elemental carbon in ambient air: results of the field trial campaign and the determination of a measurement uncertainty and working range.

The European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) Technical Committee 264 'Air Quality' has recently produced a standard method for the measurements of organic carbon and elemental carbon in PM within its working group 35 in response to the requirements of European Directive 2008/50/EC. It is expected that this method will be used in future by all Member States making measurements of the carbonaceous content of PM. This paper details the results of a laboratory and field measurement campaign and the statistical analysis performed to validate the standard method, assess its uncertainty and define its working range to provide clarity and confidence in the underpinning science for future users of the method.

Standardisation of a European measurement method for the determination of anions and cations in PM: results of field trial campaign and determination of measurement uncertainty.

European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) Technical Committee 264 'Air Quality' has recently produced a standard method for the measurements of anions and cations in PM within its Working Group 34 in response to the requirements of European Directive 2008/50/EC. It is expected that this method will be used in future by all Member States making measurements of the ionic content of PM. This paper details the results of a field measurement campaign and the statistical analysis performed to validate this method, assess its uncertainty and define its working range to provide clarity and confidence in the underpinning science for future users of the method.

Twenty years of measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in UK ambient air by nationwide air quality networks.

The impact of human activities on the health of the population and of the wider environment has prompted action to monitor the presence of toxic compounds in the atmosphere. Toxic organic micropollutants (TOMPs) are some of the most insidious and persistent of these pollutants. Since 1991 the United Kingdom has operated nationwide air quality networks to assess the presence of TOMPs, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in ambient air.

Twenty-five years of nationwide ambient metals measurement in the United Kingdom: concentration levels and trends.

Ambient air quality has been an important issue for humans and the environment for hundreds of years. More recently, definitive links have been identified between pollutants and adverse effects on human health and on environmental sustainability. Of particular concern since the last quarter of the twentieth century has been the presence of toxic 'heavy metals' in ambient air.