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Standardized terminology for computer-based assessment and reporting of EEG has been previously developed in Europe. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology established a taskforce in 2013 to develop this further, and to reach international consensus. This work resulted in the second, revised version of SCORE (Standardized Computer-based Organized Reporting of EEG), which is presented in this paper. The revised terminology was implemented in a software package (SCORE EEG), which was tested in clinical practice on 12,160 EEG recordings. Standardized terms implemented in SCORE are used to report the features of clinical relevance, extracted while assessing the EEGs. Selection of the terms is context sensitive: initial choices determine the subsequently presented sets of additional choices. This process automatically generates a report and feeds these features into a database. In the end, the diagnostic significance is scored, using a standardized list of terms. SCORE has specific modules for scoring seizures (including seizure semiology and ictal EEG patterns), neonatal recordings (including features specific for this age group), and for Critical Care EEG Terminology. SCORE is a useful clinical tool, with potential impact on clinical care, quality assurance, data-sharing, research and education.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2017.07.418 | DOI Listing |
Front Immunol
September 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Introduction: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) encephalitis is a neuropsychiatric disorder with additional psychiatric features caused by NMDA-R immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This report presents the follow-up of a patient in whom we assumed mild NMDA-R encephalitis in the first psychotic episode.
Case Study: A patient with a prior episode of an acute polymorphic psychotic syndrome relapsed five and a half years later following a severe COVID-19 infection.
Front Hum Neurosci
August 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Background: Slapping automatism is a type of automatism observed during epileptic seizures, but its underlying electrophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the associated cortical areas with epileptiform discharges during the slapping automatism.
Case Report: We report five cases of drug-resistant epilepsy in which SEEG recordings captured slapping automatism.
Front Pediatr
August 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
Background And Objective: This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics of anti-GABAR encephalitis in pediatric patients. Due to its rarity and diagnostic challenges in children, we compare clinical features between adult and pediatric cases.
Materials And Methods: Using the key words "anti-GABAR encephalitis, children, autoimmune encephalitis, limbic encephalitis", we conduct a comprehensive literature review of all studies related to anti-GABAR encephalitis published from January 2010 to January 2024.
Drug Des Devel Ther
September 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, The Affiliated Jinyang Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.
Background: Remimazolam tosilate, a novel ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, demonstrates promising safety profiles in clinical settings. While both remimazolam tosilate and etomidate provide hemodynamic stability during anesthesia induction, limited research has directly compared their effects on electroencephalogram (EEG) burst suppression (periods of transient brain wave silence), a potential predictor of adverse neurological outcomes. This study aims to compare the incidence rate of EEG burst suppression (ESR) with remimazolam tosilate versus etomidate by reviewing the drug regimens used by different anesthesiologists in clinical practice.
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December 2025
Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Human factors are central to aviation safety, with pilot cognitive states such as workload, stress, and situation awareness playing important roles in flight performance and safety. Although flight simulators are widely used for training and scientific research, they often lack the ecological validity needed to replicate pilot cognitive states from real flights. To address these limitations, a new in-flight data collection methodology for general aviation using a Cessna 172 aircraft, which is one of the most widely used aircraft for pilot training, is presented.
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