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We assess progress toward the protection of 50% of the terrestrial biosphere to address the species-extinction crisis and conserve a global ecological heritage for future generations. Using a map of Earth's 846 terrestrial ecoregions, we show that 98 ecoregions (12%) exceed Half Protected; 313 ecoregions (37%) fall short of Half Protected but have sufficient unaltered habitat remaining to reach the target; and 207 ecoregions (24%) are in peril, where an average of only 4% of natural habitat remains. We propose a Global Deal for Nature-a companion to the Paris Climate Deal-to promote increased habitat protection and restoration, national- and ecoregion-scale conservation strategies, and the empowerment of indigenous peoples to protect their sovereign lands. The goal of such an accord would be to protect half the terrestrial realm by 2050 to halt the extinction crisis while sustaining human livelihoods.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014 | DOI Listing |
Glob Chang Biol
September 2025
Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France.
Soil is a major terrestrial carbon reservoir, and enhancing its carbon stock is a central strategy to mitigate climate change. Earth system models project a net soil carbon sink by 2100, the magnitude of which is still under debate, differing significantly between approaches. Radiocarbon-based studies often suggest a limited soil carbon accumulation capacity, but these estimates are biased by the presence of ancient, radiocarbon-free, organic carbon (aOC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
September 2025
Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Lodz University of Technology, Al. Politechniki 6, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
Polylactide (PLA) is a bioplastic produced in the largest quantities in the world in the recent years. The forecast of the global production capacities of bioplastics indicates that this phenomenon will be continued at least until 2028. Therefore, it is very important to extend the knowledge and collect the data about the possible impacts of PLA on the environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg 35043, Germany.
The human gut is rich in metabolites and harbors a complex microbial community, yet surprisingly little is known about the spectrum of chemical signals detected by the large variety of sensory receptors present in the gut microbiome. Here, we systematically mapped the ligand specificities of selected extracytoplasmic sensory domains from twenty members of the human gut microbiota, with a primary focus on the abundant and physiologically important class of Clostridia. Twenty-five metabolites from different chemical classes-including amino acids, nucleobase derivatives, amines, indole, and carboxylates-were identified as specific ligands for fifteen sensory domains from nine bacterial species, which represent all three major functional classes of transmembrane receptors: chemotaxis receptors, histidine kinases, and enzymatic sensors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob Chang Biol
August 2025
Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (SAEF), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Long-term observations are essential for ecological research, providing insights into species and ecosystem variability, processes, and responses to change. In a time of rapid global change, ecosystem modification, and emerging threats, such long-term monitoring (LTM) is increasingly important. Antarctica is experiencing an unprecedented change that is potentially challenging for its uniquely adapted flora and fauna.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPNAS Nexus
August 2025
School of Geography and the Environment, and St Edmund Hall, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom.
We present the first synthesis of all known terrestrial endemic species extinctions in the biogeographical region of Macaronesia, covering all archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, the Canaries, and Cabo Verde) and multiple taxa (arthropods, birds, bryophytes, fungi, land molluscs, lichens, mammals, reptiles, and vascular plants). This list also includes information on the original distribution of extinct species, extinction chronologies, and likely causes of extinction, as reported by the original works' authors. Our survey identified 220 extinction records, with the highest numbers observed among land snails (111 species), arthropods (55), birds (27), and reptiles (15).
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