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The Orientale basin is the youngest and best-preserved major impact structure on the Moon. We used the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) spacecraft to investigate the gravitational field of Orientale at 3- to 5-kilometer (km) horizontal resolution. A volume of at least (3.4 ± 0.2) × 10 km of crustal material was removed and redistributed during basin formation. There is no preserved evidence of the transient crater that would reveal the basin's maximum volume, but its diameter may now be inferred to be between 320 and 460 km. The gravity field resolves distinctive structures of Orientale's three rings and suggests the presence of faults associated with the outer two that penetrate to the mantle. The crustal structure of Orientale provides constraints on the formation of multiring basins.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aag0519 | DOI Listing |
Int J Radiat Biol
September 2025
NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, Collider-Accelerator Dept., Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
Purpose: Human space exploration is on an upward trajectory with new space stations being manufactured for scientific experiments, industrial development, and space tourism. These spacecraft in LEO and MEO will take advantage of Earth's magnetic field for radiation protection. Astronauts on the International Space Station receive an average radiation dose of 25 µSV/hour; around 250 times greater than the average sea level dose rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicromachines (Basel)
August 2025
School of Construction Machinery, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China.
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing offers mask-free, high-resolution deposition across a broad range of ink viscosities, yet combining void-free filling of high-aspect-ratio through-glass vias (TGVs) with ultrafine drop-on-demand (DOD) line printing on the same platform requires balancing conflicting requirements: for example, high field strengths to drive ink into deep and narrow vias; sufficiently high ink viscosity to prevent gravity-induced leakage; and stable meniscus dynamics to avoid satellite droplets and charge accumulation on the glass surface. By coupling electrostatic field analysis with transient level-set simulations, we establish a dimensionless regime map that delineates stable cone-jetting regime; these predictions are validated by high-speed imaging and surface profilometry. Operating within this window, the platform achieves complete, void-free filling of 200 µm × 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicina (Kaunas)
August 2025
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
: Decreased balance function in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is influenced by impaired gravity perception, which can be measured by the subjective visual vertical (SVV) test. The value of this test can be increased by executing it in a moving visual background (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Phys J C Part Fields
August 2025
DISAT, Politecnico di Torino-PoliTo, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
We reassess foundational aspects of Metric-Affine Gravity (MAG) in light of the Dressing Field Method, a tool allowing to systematically build gauge-invariant field variables. To get MAG started, one has to deal with the problem of "gauge translations". We first recall that Cartan geometry is the proper mathematical foundation for gauge theories of gravity, and that this problem never arises in that framework, which still allows to clarify the geometric status of gauge translations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
Artificial active colloids have been an active area of research in the field of active matter and microrobotic systems. In particular, light driven semi-conductor particles have been shown to display interesting behaviors ranging from phototaxis (movement toward or away from a light source), rising from the substrate, inter-particle attraction, attraction to the substrate, or other phenomenon. However, these observations involve multiple different designs of particles in varying conditions, making it unclear how the experimental parameters, such as pH, peroxide concentration, and light intensity, affect the outcomes.
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