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Intervention of executive function during early childhood is an important research topic. This study examined the effect of a child-friendly intervention program, where children interacted with a doll or a puppet. Children were presented with cognitive shifting tasks before and after an intervention. In the intervention, children interacted with a doll or a puppet, and taught rules of the cognitive shifting tasks to the object. As the results, 3- to 5-year-old children significantly improved the performances and strengthened activations in the lateral prefrontal regions as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. The results suggest that interaction with a doll or a puppet may have a significant impact on the development of executive function.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4484979 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00894 | DOI Listing |
Ageing Res Rev
September 2025
Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. Electronic address:
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are common complications following surgery, especially in elderly patients, and are characterized by memory loss, attention deficits, and impaired executive function. The pathogenesis of PNDs involves a complex interplay of neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance, epigenetic modifications, and gut-brain axis disruption. This review summarizes the latest findings on the mechanisms underlying PNDs, with a focus on microglial activation, interleukin imbalance, and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Dent
September 2025
Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) relative to sodium fluoride (NaF) and traditional resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIC) restorations for the management of root caries in older adults aged 60 and above.
Methods: A Markov model design was chosen and two models were constructed: 1) Clinic-based model - with access to dental facility that allows for placement of traditional restorations, 2) Community-based model - without access to dental facility due to mobility, lack of executive function, or financial barriers. Modelling was done over a 10-year time horizon with a cycle length of one year.
Lancet Respir Med
September 2025
Department for Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology and German Center for Lung Research, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address:
J Atten Disord
September 2025
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
Objective: It is often argued that executive functioning (EF) tasks and EF questionnaires measure the same construct at different levels of analysis. However, item content on EF questionnaires varies by publisher/rater, indicating a striking lack of consensus on what EF represents when measured via questionnaires. In two separate samples spanning early and middle childhood, and utilizing a multi-method multi-rater approach, we systematically compare the concurrent validity of different questionnaire-based conceptualizations of EF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nutr
September 2025
Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Personalized Nutrition Initia
Background: Arterial stiffness, assessed via carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), is a marker of vascular aging that may contribute to cognitive decline. Serum carotenoids, with antioxidant properties, may mitigate these effects, but their role in moderating neurovascular-cognitive relationships remains unclear.
Objective: This study examined: (1) associations between cfPWV and executive function, (2) the contribution of serum carotenoids in predicting cfPWV, and (3) whether carotenoids moderate the relationship between cfPWV and executive function.