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The metastatic cascade comprises the following steps in sequential manner: the future metastatic cell has to leave the primary tumor mass, degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix, extravasate and circulate within in the bloodstream. Thereafter it has to attach to the endothelium of a target organ, intravasate into the connective tissue and has to proliferate to form a clinically detectable metastasis. We overview the in vitro microfluidic platforms modelling the metastatic cascade and the evolution towards systems capable of recapitulating all the steps by a single comprehensive model.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proghi.2015.01.001 | DOI Listing |
Mater Today Bio
October 2025
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Precision Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
Achieving precise intratumoral accumulation and coordinated activation remains a major challenge in nanomedicine. Photothermal therapy (PTT) provides spatiotemporal control, yet its efficacy is hindered by heterogeneous distribution of PTT agents and limited synergy with other modalities. Here, we develop a dual-activation nanoplatform (IrO-P) that integrates exogenous photothermal stimulation with endogenous tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive catalysis for synergistic chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and ferroptosis induction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Pathog Ther
September 2025
Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211004, India.
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex, heterogeneous disease characterized by frequent relapses and metastasis. Previous studies have reported that the invasion and progression of CRC in several cases can be controlled by targeting fusion genes. This study aimed to screen for potent fusion transcripts as potential molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metastatic CRC (mCRC) using an approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Cancer
September 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
This study examined the effects of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24R,25(OH)D) in estrogen-responsive laryngeal cancer tumorigenesis in vivo, the mechanisms involved, and whether the ability of the tumor cells to produce 24R,25(OH)D locally is estrogen-dependent. Estrogen receptor alpha-66 positive (ER+) UM-SCC-12 cells and ER- UM-SCC-11A cells responded differently to 24R,25(OH)D in vivo; 24R,25(OH)D enhanced tumorigenesis in ER+ tumors but inhibited tumorigenesis in ER- tumors. Treatment with 17β-estradiol (E) for 24 h reduced levels of CYP24A1 protein but increased 24R,25(OH)D production in ER+ cells; treatment with E for 9 min reduced CYP24A1 at 24 h and reduced 24R,25(OH)D production in ER- cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
September 2025
College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a devastating neurological condition with limited therapeutic options and a high likelihood of permanent disability. Among the multifaceted secondary injury mechanisms triggered by TSCI, pyroptosis-an inflammatory form of programmed cell death-has emerged as a key pathological process. In particular, microglial pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in exacerbating neuroinflammation and disrupting tissue homeostasis, thereby amplifying the secondary injury cascade.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Med (Lausanne)
August 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
In the complex pathological context of mixed pain, where nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic mechanisms coexist and interact, we present an innovative diagnostic and therapeutic model for refractory chronic scrotal pain (CSP) in a 49-year-old man. The pain originated from pudendal nerve entrapment secondary to piriformis scarring. Comprehensive evaluation revealed mixed pain mechanisms: neuropathic (lancinating pain, S2-S4 dermatomal hypoesthesia, and MRI-confirmed nerve compression), nociceptive (MRI-documented proven inflammation and mechanical stress exacerbation), and nociplastic (central sensitization with prolonged pain duration and psychological comorbidities).
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