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Lymphatic vessels are intimately involved in the regulation of water and solute homeostasis by returning interstitial fluid back to the venous circulation and play an equally important role in immune responses by providing avenues for immune cell transport. Defects in the lymphatic vasculature result in a number of pathological conditions, including lymphedema and lymphangiectasia. Knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying lymphatic development and maintenance is therefore critical for understanding, prevention and treatment of lymphatic circulation-related diseases. Research in the past two decades has uncovered several key transcriptional factors (Prox1, Sox18 and Coup-TFII) controlling lymphatic fate specification. Most recently, ERK signaling has emerged as a critical regulator of this transcriptional program. This review summarizes our current understanding of lymphatic fate determination and its transcriptional controls.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2014.07.016 | DOI Listing |
Science
August 2025
Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Tissue macrophages reside in anatomically distinct subtissular niches that shape their identity and function. In white adipose tissue (WAT), we identified three macrophage populations with distinct localization, turnover, and phenotypes. Septal adipose tissue macrophages (sATMs), marked by CD209b and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1, were long-lived and positioned in close proximity to adipocyte stem cells (ASCs) within the WAT septum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
August 2025
Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Thymic epithelial cells (TEC) are crucial in supporting T cell development, but their high heterogeneity and difficulty of isolation pose obstacles to their study in humans. Particularly, how diverse TEC lineages arise from a common progenitor remains poorly understood. To address this, here we establish a human iPSC-based model of thymus organogenesis capable of deriving these lineages in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment
August 2025
Lymphoid Stromal Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Secondary lymphoid tissues, including the spleen and lymph nodes, play an essential role in supporting immune responses. These organs are structurally organized into specialized compartments in which the interactions between hematopoietic and stromal cells are crucial for immune cell function. In this Review, we examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control spleen and lymph nodes, primarily in mice, with a particular emphasis on the embryonic origins of the different cell types involved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Sci
August 2025
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Macrophages exhibit heterogeneity due to their presence in different tissues that have distinct cell fates. Ferroptosis is one type of cellular fate, but the sensitivity of different types of macrophages to ferroptosis and the associated molecular mechanisms are not clear. This study explored the ferroptosis sensitivity of bone marrow and splenic macrophage, focusing on the contribution of ferritinophagy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
July 2025
UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang, Équipe Labellisée Ligue contre le cancer, Rennes, France.
Stromal cells are found in all tissues of the body. Among them, lymphoid stromal cells (LSCs) correspond to the cell subsets found in secondary and tertiary lymphoid organs. LSC heterogeneity has been characterized in depth in mice based on cell-fate mapping, high-resolution imaging and single-cell RNAseq analysis, and more recently in humans despite the difficulty of accessing these rare cell populations.
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