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Cytokinin (CK) influences many aspects of plant growth and development, and its function often involves intricate interactions with other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of CK and its interactions with other growth regulators are still poorly understood. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of the Arabidopsis CK-induced root curling 1 (ckrc1) mutant. CKRC1 encodes a previously identified tryptophan aminotransferase (TAA1) involved in the indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) pathway of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis. The ckrc1 mutant exhibits a defective root gravitropic response (GR) and an increased resistance to CK in primary root growth. These defects can be rescued by exogenous auxin or IPA. Furthermore, we show that CK up-regulates CKRC1/TAA1 expression but inhibits polar auxin transport in roots in an AHK3/ARR1/12-dependent and ethylene-independent manner. Our results suggest that CK regulates root growth and development not only by down-regulating polar auxin transport, but also by stimulating local auxin biosynthesis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04509.x | DOI Listing |
Clin Epigenetics
September 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Background: Work-related stress is a well-established contributor to mental health decline, particularly in the context of burnout, a state of prolonged exhaustion. Epigenetic clocks, which estimate biological age based on DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns, have been proposed as potential biomarkers of chronic stress and its impact on biological aging and health. However, their role in mediating the relationship between work-related stress, physiological stress markers, and burnout remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome Biol
September 2025
Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.
Background: Most RNA-seq datasets harbor genes with extreme expression levels in some samples. Such extreme outliers are usually treated as technical errors and are removed from the data before further statistical analysis. Here we focus on the patterns of such outlier gene expression to investigate whether they provide insights into the underlying biology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Vet Res
September 2025
Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt.
This study investigated the impact of dietary zeolite supplementation on growth, cecal microbiota and digesta viscosity, digestive enzymes, carcass traits, blood constituents, and antioxidant parameters of broilers. A completely randomized design was used with 240 one-day-old broiler chicks randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (0%, 1.5%, and 3% zeolite as a feed additive) with four replicates of 20 chicks each.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Pulm Med
September 2025
Division of Cellular Pneumology, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, 23845, Germany.
Background: Volatile anesthetics are gaining recognition for their benefits in long-term sedation of mechanically ventilated patients with bacterial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In addition to their sedative role, they also exhibit anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, though the mechanisms behind these effects remain only partially understood. In vitro studies examining the prolonged impact of volatile anesthetics on bacterial growth, inflammatory cytokine response, and surfactant proteins - key to maintaining lung homeostasis - are still lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome Biol
September 2025
Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands.
Background: Plant roots release root exudates to attract microbes that form root communities, which in turn promote plant health and growth. Root community assembly arises from millions of interactions between microbes and the plant, leading to robust and stable microbial networks. To manage the complexity of natural root microbiomes for research purposes, scientists have developed reductionist approaches using synthetic microbial inocula (SynComs).
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