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Constitutive promoters are used routinely to drive ectopic gene expression. Here, we carried out a systematic comparison of eight commonly used constitutive promoters (SV40, CMV, UBC, EF1A, PGK and CAGG for mammalian systems, and COPIA and ACT5C for Drosophila systems). We also included in the comparison the TRE promoter, which can be activated by the rtTA transcriptional activator in a doxycycline-inducible manner. To make our findings representative, we conducted the comparison in a variety of cell types derived from several species. We found that these promoters vary considerably from one another in their strength. Most promoters have fairly consistent strengths across different cell types, but the CMV promoter can vary considerably from cell type to cell type. At maximal induction, the TRE promoter is comparable to a strong constitutive promoter. These results should facilitate more rational choices of promoters in ectopic gene expression studies.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868906 | PMC |
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0010611 | PLOS |
Arch Microbiol
September 2025
College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Klebsiella oxytoca is a N-fixing bacterium whose nif (nitrogen fixation) gene expression is controlled by the two antagonistic regulatory proteins NifA and NifL encoded by the nifLA operon. NifA is a transcriptional activator, while NifL inhibits the transcriptional activity of NifA. In order to develop an improved K.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsect Sci
September 2025
Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a highly effective biologically-based method for the suppression of many insect pest populations. SIT efficacy could be improved by methods of male sterilization that avoid the use of irradiation that can result in diminished fitness and mating competitiveness. Alternative sterilization methods include conditional disruption of genes for male fertility, or using their sperm-specific promoters to drive the expression of genes for lethal effectors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDev Cell
June 2025
Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada; Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; School of
By mapping histone modifications in a human stem cell model of hepatic differentiation, we identified an enhancer landscape that is dynamic and stage specific, with many primed at the definitive endoderm stage. While hepatic enhancers gained active histone modifications, non-hepatic enhancers lost H3K4me1 after hepatic specification. T-box transcription factor 3 (TBX3) was found to bind to hepatic enhancers and promoters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Control Release
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China. Electronic address:
Live bacterial therapeutics (LBT) represent a transformative modality for managing refractory chronic diseases. However, the absence of optimized microbial chassis systems is a significant barrier to clinical translation. To bridge this gap, we engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) into a versatile platform that meets the requirements for strain development and clinical application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Environ Microbiol
September 2025
Bacterial Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
The gram-positive bacterium is widely used for enzyme production, especially due to its superior protein secretion capacity. In this study, we have investigated how efficient transcriptome analysis can identify general and protein-specific secretion stress. For this, we constructed strains overproducing different commercially relevant proteins, including a GFP-specific camelid nanobody (GFPnb), the xylanase XynA and the protein glutaminase PrgA, and expressed these proteins either from the strong constitutive P promoter or from the xylose-inducible P promoter.
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