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Microbial Physiological Adaptation to Biodegradable Microplastics Drives the Transformation and Reactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter in Soil.

Environ Sci Technol

September 2025

State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.

The turnover of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil regulated by biodegradable microplastics (MPs) has garnered much attention due to its profound impact on the storage and stability of soil organic matter. However, the transformation and reactivity of plant-derived and microbially derived DOM by microorganisms adapted to biodegradable MPs, and the involved microbial physiological processes, remain nearly unknown. Here, we added virgin and aged polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) to agricultural soils and incubated for 56 days.

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Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent stem cells with self-renewal capacity, able to differentiate into all neural lineages of the central nervous system, including neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes; thus, their proliferation and differentiation are essential for embryonic neurodevelopment and adult brain homoeostasis. Dysregulation in these processes is implicated in neurological disorders, highlighting the need to elucidate how NSCs proliferate and differentiate to clarify the mechanisms of neurogenesis and uncover potential therapeutic targets. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression involved in many aspects of nervous system development and function.

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Covering: January 2014-June 2025. Previous review: , 2014, , 1612Natural products (NPs) have long been foundational in medicine, from ancient herbal remedies to the discovery of transformative drugs like morphine and quinine. The mid-20th century marked a 'golden age' for antibiotic discovery from natural sources, which then expanded into other therapeutic areas.

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Apoptosis regulates intestinal regeneration via iPLA2 and EGFL7 signaling in .

Zool Res

September 2025

State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Safety, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.

Apoptosis preserves organismal homeostasis by selectively eliminating unnecessary or damaged cells, with accumulating evidence also suggesting that it activates regenerative pathways and facilitates tissue remodeling. To date, however, the regulatory mechanisms linking this form of programmed cell death to regeneration remain poorly defined, particularly in evolutionarily basal organisms. Using the sea cucumber ( ) as a model for intestinal regeneration, this study identified robust apoptotic activity across key regenerative stages.

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An experiment using a predictive learning task with college students evaluated the impact of a stimulus associated with extinction on an AAB renewal design. Four groups of participants learned a specific relationship between two cues (X and Y) and two outcomes (O1 and O2) in Context A during the first phase. Subsequently, both cues were subjected to extinction in the same Context A.

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