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Several isoflavone-enriched red clover extracts (RCE) prepared by using solid- or liquid-phase extraction or a combination of both were studied for their encapsulation into a phospholipid-based microemulsion system. The optimization process with regard to the bioactive ingredient-encapsulated amounts and transmembrane efficiency of various RCE micelles was demonstrated. The results indicated that the encapsulated amounts of isoflavones in RCE-encapsulated microemulsions (ME) of ME-RC5, ME-RC6, and ME-RC7 were increased by >10-fold when compared with that of the raw red clover extracts. Comparison of the permeability coefficient K(p) of the formononetin among the ME-RCs from the in vitro skin permeation study showed that ME-RC5 significantly exhibited the least permeability, whereas ME-RC6 exhibited enhanced permeability after two-stage solid-phase extraction, indicating the potential role of the matrix material as a barrier or enhancer in the transmembrane study.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf902066g | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
September 2025
Satellite Collections North, Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Malchow/Poel, Germany.
Treatment of seeds with cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) is in its proof-of-concept phase with regard to its effect on germination and plant growth. To increase the germination of hardseeded red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), seeds are usually scarified, which is time-consuming and labour-intensive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anim Sci
September 2025
University of Kentucky, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
Livestock grazing endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue can exhibit persistent systemic vasoconstriction and fescue toxicosis. Isoflavones in legumes, most notably red clover (RC), are known hypotensive agents. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of isoflavone supplementation via RC hay, every day or every other day (QOD), on average daily gain (ADG) of steers grazing E+ tall fescue pastures and their physiological recovery after grazing when managed on a non-toxic diet (28-d).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
September 2025
Department of Energy and Technology, SLU - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
European livestock sectors rely heavily on imported protein feeds, presenting challenges regarding sustainability and supply security. Green biorefineries (GBR) represent a local alternative where protein concentrates are extracted from grassland crops, but the environmental performance of these systems depends on feedstock cultivation practices. This study combined field trials and life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify how nitrogen (N) fertilization rates, clover inclusion rates, and feedstock management (fresh vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnim Nutr
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Reducing nitrogen loss and improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in dairy cows can reduce economic costs and mitigate the environmental impact of nitrogen emissions. Red clover isoflavone, a natural compound derived from plant extract, has the advantage of biological safety. This study aimed to investigate the effects of red clover isoflavone on lactation performance and nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndocrinol Diabetes Metab
September 2025
Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Research Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Introduction: Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) are promising nanotherapeutics for improving chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Trifolium pratense (TP) is a flowering herb with potent antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. The present study aimed to explore the diabetic-healing effects of TP-derived exosomes (TPDEs) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
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