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Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res
September 2025
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address:
To maintain genomic stability, cells have evolved complex mechanisms collectively known as the DNA damage response (DDR), which includes DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and gene expression regulation. Recent studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal regulators of the DDR. Beyond their established roles in recruiting repair proteins and modulating gene expression, emerging evidence highlights two particularly intriguing functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Med Res
September 2025
Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Background: Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality worldwide, is characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism and unresolved inflammation. Macrophage-derived foam cell formation and apoptosis contribute to plaque formation and vulnerability. Elevated serum galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels are associated with increased CVD risk, and Gal-3 in plaques is strongly associated with macrophages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Rev Pathol
September 2025
3Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
Clonal hematopoiesis, originally identified as a precursor to hematologic malignancies, has emerged as a significant factor in various nonmalignant diseases. Recent research highlights how somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells lead to the expansion of circulating mutated immune cells that exert profound effects on organ function and disease progression. These mutated clones display altered inflammatory profiles and tissue-specific functional consequences, contributing to various diseases including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, heart failure, and neurodegenerative conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiology (Bethesda)
September 2025
Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304.
Canonical activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) by hormone binding occurs at the plasma membrane, resulting in the diffusion of second messengers to intracellular effector sites throughout the cell. In contrast, recent evidence suggests that functional GPCRs can induce signaling from distinct intracellular domains, contributing to specificity in signaling. Functional adrenergic receptors have been identified at intracellular sites in the cardiac myocyte such as endosomes, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi and the inner nuclear membrane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Leukoc Biol
September 2025
Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Villa de San Sebastián, 28045 Colima, México.
Ion channels are integral membrane proteins which facilitate rapid transport of small ions into and out of the cell and between organelles and cytosol. Cytolytic lymphocytes including natural killer (NK) cells principally kill virus-infected and cancer cells by releasing cytolytic granules within the immunological synapse, formed between target and effector cells. This process strongly depends on Ca2+ signaling, which in human NK cells is controlled by the phospholipase C (PLCγ)/inositol-1,4,5-triphospate receptor (IP3R)/calcium release-activated calcium channel (CRAC) axis.
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