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DNA replication requires recruitment of Cdc45 and GINS into the MCM double hexamer by initiation factors to form an active helicase, the Cdc45-MCM-GINS (CMG) complex, at the replication origins. The initiation factor Sld3 is a central regulator of Cdc45 and GINS recruitment, working with Sld7 together. However, the mechanism through which Sld3 regulates CMG complex formation remains unclear.

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Continuous evolution of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses with pdm/09-derived internal genes enhances pathogenicity in mice.

J Virol

September 2025

National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

Swine influenza A virus (swIAV) is an important zoonotic pathogen with the potential to cause human influenza pandemics. Swine are considered "mixing vessels" for generating novel reassortant influenza A viruses. In 2009, a swine-origin reassortant virus (2009 pandemic H1N1, pdm/09 H1N1) spilled over to humans, causing a global influenza pandemic.

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The vast majority of persons living with HIV-1 who discontinue antiretroviral therapy (ART) demonstrate viral rebound, but the tissue-level events that lead to rebound viremia are poorly understood. Here we report the origin, dynamics, and correlates of viral rebound in 16 rhesus macaques (RMs) infected with molecularly barcoded SIVmac239M, treated with ART for 70 weeks, and necropsied on day 12 after ART discontinuation. Barcode analysis of plasma following ART discontinuation identified 1 to 38 rebounding barcode-defined viral lineages per animal, with 1 to 4 rebounding lineages contributing to first measurable rebound viremia.

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Antenatal betamethasone impairs markers of cardiac development and function in near-term lambs.

Exp Physiol

September 2025

Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation; UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Antenatal corticosteroids are commonly administered to promote fetal lung maturation; however, their impact on heart development is not well understood. This study therefore investigated the effects of antenatal betamethasone on cardiac development in near-term lambs, using tissues collected from a cohort of ewes with mild experimentally induced asthma. Pregnant ewes received two doses of either saline (Saline) or betamethasone (Betamethasone, intramuscular, 11.

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Although HCN has been explored extensively as a precursor in the prebiotic synthesis of biological molecules, macroscopic system-level phenomena, originating from reactions of HCN, such as autocatalysis, oscillations, pattern formation, and phase separation have attracted less attention. Autocatalysis and phase separation are particularly interesting in the context of the origin of life because they are sources of self-replication and compartmentalization. In this work, we investigate the reaction between HCN and cysteamine in water, which exhibits both sigmoidal reaction kinetics and the formation of a distinct liquid phase.

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