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Competing risk of death from other causes before developing the outcome of interest is a common phenomenon in clinical settings. In a previous article, we developed the "sandwiching method" as one approach to estimate disease incidence and morbidity time for populations at a high risk of death from other causes. In addition to its computational simplicity, the sandwiching method is also relatively assumption free. This article extends the original sandwiching method to incorporate patient characteristics into the estimation by using Cox's proportional hazards model. Data from the Johns Hopkins Hospital AIDS service were used to illustrate this extended method. The importance of estimates was discussed in the context of planning health care needs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00057-x | DOI Listing |
Neurology
October 2025
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Background And Objectives: The relationship between insomnia and cognitive decline is poorly understood. We investigated associations between chronic insomnia, longitudinal cognitive outcomes, and brain health in older adults.
Methods: From the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, we identified cognitively unimpaired older adults with or without a diagnosis of chronic insomnia who underwent annual neuropsychological assessments (z-scored global cognitive scores and cognitive status) and had quantified serial imaging outcomes (amyloid-PET burden [centiloid] and white matter hyperintensities from MRI [WMH, % of intracranial volume]).
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
September 2025
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States;
Background: Wildfires significantly affect air quality in the Western United States. Although prior research has linked wildfire smoke PM to respiratory health outcomes, these studies typically have limited geographic and temporal coverage, lacking evidence from multiple states over extended periods.
Methods: We obtained data on over 6 million emergency department (ED) visits for respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), upper respiratory infections (URI), and bronchitis, from five states in the Western US during 2007-2018.
Epidemiol Serv Saude
September 2025
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Objectives: To assess the time taken to diagnose cervical cancer in Brazil and identify associated sociodemographic and clinical factors in the period 2016-2020.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of cervical neoplasms diagnosed between 2016 and 2020, using data collected from the Hospital Cancer Registry. The logistic regression model was applied to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
Epidemiol Serv Saude
September 2025
Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of dengue incidence and lethality rates and the proportions of its serotypes, in the different macro-regions of Brazil, between 2001 and 2022. In particular, the immediate and gradual effects of these indicators were verified in the periods before and after the publication of the National Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Dengue Epidemics.
Methods: This was an interrupted time series analysis.
Epidemiol Serv Saude
September 2025
Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem em Atenção Primária à Saúde Bandeirantes, PR, Brazil.
Objectives: To analyze the temporal trend and identify spatial clusters of breast cancer mortality in Paraná state between 2012 and 2021.
Methods: This was a time series study, with spatial analysis of breast cancer mortality rates in the 399 municipalities of Paraná. Data were selected from the Mortality Information System.