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A study of the S1 binding of lead 5-methylthiothiophene amidine 3, an inhibitor of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, was undertaken by the introduction of a variety of substituents at the thiophene 5-position. The 5-alkyl substituted and unsubstituted thiophenes were prepared using organolithium chemistry. Heteroatom substituents were introduced at the 5-position using a novel displacement reaction of 5-methylsulfonylthiophenes and the corresponding oxygen or sulfur anions. Small alkyl group substitution at the 5-position provided inhibitors equipotent with but possessing improved solubility.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00787-9 | DOI Listing |
Obesity (Silver Spring)
September 2025
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Objective: SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of reducing the tirzepatide dose and/or continuing the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) versus placebo in maintaining body weight (BW) reduction achieved with tirzepatide MTD.
Methods: This Phase 3b, multicenter, randomized, parallel-arm, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 52-week clinical trial is in progress comparing treatment with once weekly tirzepatide (5 mg and/or MTD of 15 mg or 10 mg) versus placebo in achieving BW reduction maintenance from the initial 60-week open-label weight-loss period on tirzepatide MTD, in adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m or ≥ 27 kg/m with ≥ 1 obesity-related comorbidity, excluding type 2 diabetes). The primary endpoint is percent maintenance of BW reduction achieved during the weight-loss period at Week 112 among those who reached a BW plateau (i.
FEBS J
September 2025
Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA.
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is a critical enzyme in the one-carbon (1C) metabolism pathway catalyzing the reversible conversion of L-Ser into Gly and concurrent transfer of 1C unit to tetrahydrofolate (THF) to give 5,10-methylene-THF (5,10-MTHF), which is used in the downstream syntheses of biomolecules critical for cell proliferation. The cellular 1C metabolism is hijacked by many cancer types to support cancer cell proliferation, making SHMT a promising target for the design and development of novel small-molecule antimetabolite chemotherapies. To advance structure-assisted drug design, knowledge of SHMT catalysis is crucial, but can only be fully realized when the atomic details of each reaction step governed by the acid-base catalysis are elucidated by visualizing active site hydrogen atoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInjury
August 2025
Institute for Research in Military Medicine (IRMM), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Military Medicine ("Tzameret"), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the Israel Defense Fo
Background: Hemorrhage remains the principal cause of death on the battlefield. It is suggested that Tranexamic acid (TXA) can improve survival of severely-bleeding casualties. The intravenous approach is not always available in the pre-hospital setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPestic Biochem Physiol
November 2025
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China. Electronic address:
The extensive use of highly toxic and residual pesticides has a significant negative impact on agricultural production and the ecological environment. The development of new green antiviral agents has become a major demand for ensuring the development of green ecological agriculture. Indole alkaloids are widely present in nature and have diverse biological activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPestic Biochem Physiol
November 2025
Newcastle University, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK NE1 7RU. Electronic address:
RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous eukaryote viral defence mechanism representing a unique form of post-transcriptional gene silencing that can be induced via the exongenous application of dsRNA. Due to its high specificity, dsRNA-based biopesticides are being developed to control pest insects. Whilst many lepidopteran species are recalcitrant to RNAi, Tuta absoluta, a polyphagous insect responsible for extensive crop damage, is sensitive.
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