Influence of iron and manganese on nitrogen biotransformation in the vadose zone of red beds following landfill leachate leakage.

Landfill leachate leakage causes nitrogen contamination in the groundwater of red beds with high levels of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). However, the influence of Fe and Mn on nitrogen biotransformation in the vadose zone of red beds (VZRB) remains unclear. This study investigates the influences of varying concentrations of Fe and Mn on nitrogen biotransformation following leachate infiltration through batch and column experiments.

An improved technology for monitoring groundwater flow velocity and direction in fractured rock system based on colloidal particles motion.

The colloidal borescope, using colloidal particle motion, is used to monitor the flow velocities and directions of groundwater. It integrates advanced techniques such as microscopy, high-speed photography, and big data computing and enjoys high sensitivity at the micron level. However, In the same well, the groundwater flow velocity monitored by colloidal hole mirror is varies greatly from that obtained by conventional hydrogeological monitoring, such as pumping test.