Longitudinal relationship between number line estimation and other mathematical abilities in Chinese preschool children.

Many cross-sectional studies have shown that number line estimation is associated with other mathematical skills, but there has been limited longitudinal research. To systematically examine such associations longitudinally at the earliest stage of mathematical learning, the current study tested 40 Chinese preschoolers (mean age = 4.97 years, SD = 0.

The Use of a Novel Term Helps Preschoolers Learn the Concept of Angle: An Intervention Study With Chinese Preschool Children.

Angle is an important concept in geometry. Young children have difficulty separating angle size from other dimensions such as the length of angle sides, perhaps due to whole-object bias in word learning. The present study used the pre-test-training-post-test design to investigate the effectiveness of two ways of separating angle from angle size in 3-6-year-old Chinese preschoolers.

Difficult name, cold man: Chinese names, gender stereotypicality and trustworthiness.

Names can play an important role in forming first impressions. While much of the literature has demonstrated how alphabet-based names influence impression formation, little is known about how character-based names (e.g.

The ERF transcription factor TaERF3 promotes tolerance to salt and drought stresses in wheat.

Salinity and drought are major limiting factors of wheat (Triticum aestivum) productivity worldwide. Here, we report the function of a wheat ERF transcription factor TaERF3 in salt and drought responses and the underlying mechanism of TaERF3 function. Upon treatment with 250 mM NaCl or 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG), transcript levels of TaERF3 were rapidly induced in wheat.

Expression of a radish defensin in transgenic wheat confers increased resistance to Fusarium graminearum and Rhizoctonia cerealis.

Fusarium head blight (scab), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Wheat sharp eyespot, mainly caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis, is one of the major diseases of wheat in China.

Identification and molecular mapping of a resistance gene to powdery mildew from the synthetic wheat line M53.

Powdery mildew disease caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) is an economically important disease in wheat worldwide.

Overexpression of TaPIEP1, a pathogen-induced ERF gene of wheat, confers host-enhanced resistance to fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana.

Bipolaris sorokiniana is an economically important phytopathogen of wheat and other cereal species. In this paper, a novel pathogen-induced ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) gene of wheat, TaPIEP1, was isolated and characterized. The transcript of TaPIEP1 was significantly and rapidly induced by treatments with B.

Research progress in BYDV resistance genes derived from wheat and its wild relatives.

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) may cause a serious disease affecting wheat worldwide. True resistance to BYDV is not naturally found in wheat. BYDV resistance genes are found in more than 10 wild relative species belonging to the genera of Thinopyrum, Agropyron, Elymus, Leymus, Roegneria, and Psathyrostachy.

Identification and antifungal assay of a wheat beta-1,3-glucanase.

A wheat beta-1,3-glucanase gene (TaGluD) was identified as a fungal defense candidate. Its transcript induction was more than 60-fold higher in a resistant wheat line, Shannong0431, than in a susceptible wheat line, Wenmai6, after infection with Rhizoctonia cerealis. The TaGluD protein was overexpressed as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli.

Overexpression of TiERF1 enhances resistance to sharp eyespot in transgenic wheat.

Wheat sharp eyespot, primarily caused by a soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, has become one of the most serious diseases of wheat in China. In this study, an ethylene response factor (ERF) gene from a wheat relative Thinopyrum intermedium, TiERF1, was characterized further, transgenic wheat lines expressing TiERF1 were developed, and the resistance of the transgenic wheat lines against R. cerealis was investigated.

A novel activator-type ERF of Thinopyrum intermedium, TiERF1, positively regulates defence responses.

Thinopyrum intermedium is resistant to many different pathogens. To understand the roles of ethylene response factors (ERFs) in defence responses, the first member of the ERF family in T. intermedium, TiERF1, was characterized and functionally analysed in this study.

Molecular evidence of barley yellow dwarf virus replication/movement suppressed by the resistance gene Bdv2.

A wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation line YW642 possesses the resistance to GAV serotype of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), in which the resistance gene Bdv2 is derived from the chromosome 7X of Thinopyrum intermedium group 7. It is interesting to analyze BYDV accumulation content in the resistant and susceptible wheat plants for controlling BYDV disease and understanding the resistance mechanism against BYDV. In the paper, semi-quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect and quantify BYDV-GAV in the resistant and susceptible plants using specific primers for the coat protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes of BYDV-GAV serotype.

[Identification of the triploid hybrid chromosomes of Elymus canadensis L. x Hordeum brivisubulatum Link. by genomic in situ hybridization].

AThe intergeneric F1 hybrid between Elymus canadensis L. and Hordeum brivisubulatum Link. is a triploid (2n = 3x = 21 ), in which 7 chromosomes,that is equal to the base number of parent's chromosomes, were lost.

Development of novel PCR markers linked to the BYDV resistance gene Bdv2 useful in wheat for marker-assisted selection.

The distal segment of the long arm of the Thinopyrum intermedium chromosome 7Ai1 carries the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance gene Bdv2. This segment was transferred to the distal region of the long arm of wheat chromosome 7D in the Yw series of translocation lines by using the ph1b mutant to induce homoeologous pairing. To transfer Bdv2 to commercial varieties, we developed two resistance gene-analog polymorphism (RGAP) markers, Tgp-1(350) and Tgp-2(210), and one randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker, OPD04(1300).

[Construction, characterization and screening of a transformation-competent artificial chromosome (TAC) library of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation line with resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus].

A transformation-competent artificial chromosome (TAC) library was constructed from the genomic DNA of wheat-Th. intermidium translocation line HW642 that harbor the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance gene derived from Th. intermidium.

[Development of new PCR markers specific to a Thinopyrum intermedium chromosome 2Ai-2 and cloning of the St-specific sequences].

To meet the need of selecting translocation lines, some new RAPD markers for 2Ai-2 chromosome of Th. intermedium were identified in the paper. Out of 320 RAPD primers, 2 specific primers, OPO05 and OPM04, can amplify respectively a specific band with size of about 650 bp and 1400 bp in the BYDV resistant materials containing the chromosome 2Ai-2, including Th.