Developing brain asymmetry shapes cognitive and psychiatric outcomes in adolescence.

Cerebral asymmetry, fundamental to various cognitive functions, is often disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders. While brain growth has been extensively studied, the maturation of brain asymmetry in children and the factors influencing it in adolescence remain poorly understood. We analyze longitudinal data from 11,270 children aged 10-14 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Neural, cognitive and psychopathological signatures of a prosocial or delinquent peer environment during early adolescence.

Adolescence is a critical period for brain development, yet the impact of peer environments on brain structure, cognition, and psychopathology remains poorly understood. Here, we capitalized on data from 7806 adolescents (age = 12.02 ± 0.

Genetic influence and neural pathways underlying the dose-response relationships between wearable-measured physical activity and mental health in adolescence.

Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant physical and neurocognitive development as well as increased vulnerability to mental health issues. While the benefits of physical activity (PA) on adult mental health (MH) are well-established, the dose-response relationships and underlying neurobiological mechanisms in adolescents remain elusive. This study investigated the dose-response relationships between wearable-measured PA and MH outcomes in over 7000 adolescents (11-12 years) from the ABCD study through linear and nonlinear modeling.

Recent Advances in Visible Light-Induced C-H Functionalization of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.

The imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine skeleton is widely present in many natural products and pharmaceutical agents. Due to its impressive and significant biological activities, such as analgesic, anti-tumor, antiosteoporosis, and anxiolytic properties, the derivatization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine skeleton has attracted widespread attention from chemists. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the derivatization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines through direct C-H functionalization, especially through visible light induction.

Coγ activation of Cladophora rupestris biomass functional groups and its effect on Pb adsorption.

To investigate the modification of Pb adsorption of the functional groups of Cladophora rupestris (C. rupestris) biomass by gamma radiation (Coγ-ray), the interface structure, chemical properties, adsorption behaviors, and Pb adsorption mechanisms of C. rupestris biomass were investigated after irradiation with varying doses of Coγ-ray.

C-Alkylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via Three-Component Aza-Friedel-Crafts Reaction Catalyzed by Y(OTf).

As an important class of nitrogen-containing fused heterocyclic compounds, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines often exhibit significant biological activities, such as analgesic, anticancer, antiosteoporosis, anxiolytic, etc. Using Y(OTf) as a Lewis acid catalyst, a simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of C-alkylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines through the three-component aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, aldehydes, and amines in the normal air atmosphere without the protection of inert gas and special requirements for anhydrous and anaerobic conditions. A series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were obtained with moderate to good yields, and their structures were confirmed by H NMR, C NMR, and HRMS.

The remediation potential and kinetics of Pb adsorbed by the organic frameworks of Cladophora rupestris.

Cladophora rupestris is ubiquitous in many kinds of waterbodies, and C. rupestris biomass can serve as a carrier for adsorbing and transferring heavy metals. Batch experiments and characterization were performed.

Identifying psychosis subtypes use individualized covariance structural differential networks and multi-site clustering.

Background: Similarities among schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and bipolar disorder (BP) including clinical phenotypes, brain alterations and risk genes, make it challenging to perform reliable separation among them. However, previous subtype identification that transcend traditional diagnostic boundaries were based on group-level neuroimaging features, ignoring individual-level inferences.

Methods: 455 psychoses (178 SZs, 134 SADs and 143 BPs), their first-degree relatives (N = 453) and healthy controls (HCs, N = 220) were collected from Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP I) consortium.

Fabrication of self-assembled micelles based on amphiphilic oxidized sodium alginate grafted oleoamine derivatives via Schiff base reduction amination reaction for delivery of hydrophobic food active ingredients.

The application of hydrophobic β-carotene in the food industry are limited due to its susceptibility to light, high temperature, pH value, and other factors, leading to poor stability and low bioavailability. To address this problem, we adopt a more green and environmentally friendly reducing agent, 2-methylpyridine borane complex (pic-BH), instead of traditional sodium borohydride, to achieve the simple green and efficient synthesis of amphiphilic oxidized sodium alginate grafted oleoamine derivatives (OSAOLA) through the reduction amination reaction of Schiff base. The resultant OSAOLA with the degree of substitution (DS) of 7.

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-Propanol-Promoted Friedel-Crafts Reaction: Metal-Free Synthesis of C3-Difluoromethyl Carbinol-Containing Imidazo[1,2-]pyridines at Room Temperature.

A facile and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of C3-difluoromethyl carbinol-containing imidazo[1,2-]pyridines at room temperature via the HFIP-promoted Friedel-Crafts reaction of difluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal and imidazo[1,2-]pyridines. This strategy could be applied to the direct C(sp)-H hydroxydifluoromethylation of imidazo[1,2-]pyridines and afford a series of novel difluoromethylated carbinols in good to satisfactory yields with 29 examples. Furthermore, gram-scale and synthetic transformation experiments have also been achieved, demonstrating its potential applicable value in organic synthesis.

C/EBPβ: The structure, regulation, and its roles in inflammation-related diseases.

Inflammation, a mechanism of the human body, has been implicated in many diseases. Inflammatory responses include the release of inflammatory mediators by activating various signaling pathways. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor in the C/EBP family, contains the leucine zipper (bZIP) domain.

Metal-free synthesis of difluoro/trifluoromethyl carbinol-containing chromones tandem cyclization of -hydroxyaryl enaminones.

We herein propose a HFIP-promoted tandem cyclization reaction for the synthesis of difluoro/trifluoromethyl carbinol-containing chromones from -hydroxyphenyl enaminones at room temperature. This protocol provides a facile and efficient approach to access diverse difluoro/trifluoromethylated carbinols in good to excellent yields. In addition, gram-scale and synthetic derivatization experiments have also been performed.

Near-infrared spectroscopy bioprobe estimation of metabolites' responses to Pb in Cladophora rupestris.

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used as a bioprobe to estimation chlorophyll, total sugar, proline, and metallothionein (MT) response to Pb (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20 mg/l) in Cladophora rupestris.

Decoding anxiety-impulsivity subtypes in preadolescent internalising disorders: findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.

Background: Internalising disorders are highly prevalent emotional dysregulations during preadolescence but clinical decision-making is hampered by high heterogeneity. During this period impulsivity represents a major risk factor for psychopathological trajectories and may act on this heterogeneity given the controversial anxiety-impulsivity relationships. However, how impulsivity contributes to the heterogeneous symptomatology, neurobiology, neurocognition and clinical trajectories in preadolescent internalising disorders remains unclear.

Common and disorder-specific cortical thickness alterations in internalizing, externalizing and thought disorders during early adolescence: an Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study.

Background: A growing body of neuroimaging studies has reported common neural abnormalities among mental disorders in adults. However, it is unclear whether the distinct disorder-specific mechanisms operate during adolescence despite the overlap among disorders.

Methods: We studied a large cohort of more than 11 000 preadolescent (age 9-10 yr) children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development cohort.

Neurodevelopmental risk and adaptation as a model for comorbidity among internalizing and externalizing disorders: genomics and cell-specific expression enriched morphometric study.

Background: Comorbidity is the rule rather than the exception for childhood and adolescent onset mental disorders, but we cannot predict its occurrence and do not know the neural mechanisms underlying comorbidity. We investigate if the effects of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders on anatomical differences represent a simple aggregate of the effects on each disorder and if these comorbidity-associated cortical surface differences relate to a distinct genetic underpinning.

Methods: We studied the cortical surface area (SA) and thickness (CT) of 11,878 preadolescents (9-10 years) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study.

The Potential Role of Timosaponin-AIII in Cancer Prevention and Treatment.

Cancer, as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, has challenged current chemotherapy drugs. Considering that treatments are expensive, alongside the resistance of tumor cells to anticancer drugs, the development of alternative medicines is necessary. Bunge, a recognized and well-known medicinal plant for more than two thousand years, has demonstrated its effectiveness against cancer.

Transcriptome-Wide Structural Equation Modeling of 13 Major Psychiatric Disorders for Cross-Disorder Risk and Drug Repurposing.

Importance: Psychiatric disorders display high levels of comorbidity and genetic overlap, necessitating multivariate approaches for parsing convergent and divergent psychiatric risk pathways. Identifying gene expression patterns underlying cross-disorder risk also stands to propel drug discovery and repurposing in the face of rising levels of polypharmacy.

Objective: To identify gene expression patterns underlying genetic convergence and divergence across psychiatric disorders along with existing pharmacological interventions that target these genes.

Comparative Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genome of (Jordan and Snider, 1900), Revealing Gene Rearrangement and the Phylogenetic Relationships of Anguilliformes.

The mitochondrial genome structure of a teleostean group is generally considered to be conservative. However, two types of gene arrangements have been identified in the mitogenomes of Anguilliformes. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of (Anguilliformes (Congridae)).

Multivariate genomic architecture of cortical thickness and surface area at multiple levels of analysis.

Recent work in imaging genetics suggests high levels of genetic overlap within cortical regions for cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA). We model this multivariate system of genetic relationships by applying Genomic Structural Equation Modeling (Genomic SEM) and parsimoniously define five genomic brain factors underlying both CT and SA along with a general factor capturing genetic overlap across all brain regions. We validate these factors by demonstrating the generalizability of the model to a semi-independent sample and show that the factors align with biologically and functionally relevant parcellations of the cortex.

Morphometric dis-similarity between cortical and subcortical areas underlies cognitive function and psychiatric symptomatology: a preadolescence study from ABCD.

Preadolescence is a critical period characterized by dramatic morphological changes and accelerated cortico-subcortical development. Moreover, the coordinated development of cortical and subcortical regions underlies the emerging cognitive functions during this period. Deviations in this maturational coordination may underlie various psychiatric disorders that begin during preadolescence, but to date these deviations remain largely uncharted.