Climate change poses risks to water retention and carbon sequestration capacity in the source area of the Yangtze River.

The source area of the Yangtze River (SAYR), part of the Tibetan Plateau, is an ecologically fragile alpine region sensitive to climate change. Current research has predominantly examined hydrological and ecological responses as isolated systems, failing to address the coupled mechanisms through which permafrost degradation mediates water-carbon interactions‌. In this study, we used a fully coupled eco-hydrological model that integrates permafrost processes, along with multi-source remote sensing data, experimental monitoring, and machine learning, to quantify the water retention and carbon sequestration capacity over the past 20 years.

CXR-LT 2024: A MICCAI challenge on long-tailed, multi-label, and zero-shot disease classification from chest X-ray.

The CXR-LT series is a community-driven initiative designed to enhance lung disease classification using chest X-rays (CXR). It tackles challenges in open long-tailed lung disease classification and enhances the measurability of state-of-the-art techniques. The first event, CXR-LT 2023, aimed to achieve these goals by providing high-quality benchmark CXR data for model development and conducting comprehensive evaluations to identify ongoing issues impacting lung disease classification performance.

CXR-LT 2024: A MICCAI challenge on long-tailed, multi-label, and zero-shot disease classification from chest X-ray.

The CXR-LT series is a community-driven initiative designed to enhance lung disease classification using chest X-rays (CXR). It tackles challenges in open long-tailed lung disease classification and enhances the measurability of state-of-the-art techniques. The first event, CXR-LT 2023, aimed to achieve these goals by providing high-quality benchmark CXR data for model development and conducting comprehensive evaluations to identify ongoing issues impacting lung disease classification performance.

Chest X-ray Foundation Model with Global and Local Representations Integration.

Chest X-ray (CXR) is the most frequently ordered imaging test, supporting diverse clinical tasks from thoracic disease detection to postoperative monitoring. However, task-specific classification models are limited in scope, require costly labeled data, and lack generalizability to out-of-distribution datasets. To address these challenges, we introduce CheXFound, a self-supervised vision foundation model that learns robust CXR representations and generalizes effectively across a wide range of downstream tasks.

Ecological flow evaluation method based on Habitat Diversity Index --An empirical study from the upper Yalong River in China.

Traditional ecological flow calculations often rely on species-specific habitat preferences, but this approach may adversely affect biodiversity conservation. This study proposes an innovative approach focused on habitat diversity, utilizing the Habitat Diversity Index (HDI) to evaluate ecological flows for benthic macroinvertebrate communities. By integrating fields surveys, hydrodynamic modeling, and biodiversity metrics, the study quantified habitat diversity through 24 distinct habitat types (combinations of water depth: 0-0.

Myocardial work in idiopathic premature ventricular contractions: Assessing left ventricular function and prognosis.

Background: Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) can lead to impairment of left ventricular function. The noninvasive myocardial work technique, which incorporates left ventricular afterload, represents a new method for assessing left ventricular functional.

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the value of noninvasive myocardial work technique in assessing left ventricular systolic function in patients with PVCs.

Biogenic elements-informed assessment of the impact of human activities on river ecosystems.

River ecosystems, acting as pivotal conduits linking terrestrial, marine, and atmospheric realms, have faced significant disturbances due to human exploitation of their resources. Recent years have witnessed a heightened intensification of human activities, adversely affecting the equilibrium of water ecosystems. To systematically study the various factors that affect river ecosystems under human activities, we introduce a universally applicable approach that considers the diversity of watersheds, biogenic elements, and human activities.

Impact of cascade reservoirs on nutrients transported downstream and regulation method based on hydraulic retention time.

Cascade reservoirs construction has modified the nutrients dynamics and biogeochemical cycles, consequently affecting the composition and productivity of river ecosystems. The Jinsha River, as the predominant contributor to runoff, suspended sediment (SS), and nutrients production within the Yangtze River, is a typical cascade reservoir region with unclear transport patterns and retention mechanisms of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). Furthermore, how to regulate nutrients delivery in the cascade reservoirs region is also an urgent issue for basin water environment study.

Effect of fire and post-fire management on soil microbial communities in a lower subtropical forest ecosystem after a mountain fire.

Wildfires and post-fire management exert profound effects on soil properties and microbial communities in forest ecosystems. Understanding microbial community recovery from fire and what the best post-fire management should be is very important but needs to be sufficiently studied. In light of these gaps in our understanding, this study aimed to assess the short-term effects of wildfire and post-fire management on both bacteria and fungi community composition, diversity, structure, and co-occurrence networks, and to identify the principal determinants of soil processes influencing the restoration of these communities.

A flexible framework for regionalization of base flow for river habit maintenance and its thresholds.

Information on base flow for river habit maintenance (BF) and its thresholds is necessary for water resource utilization and protection. BF and its thresholds have significant spatial differences; however, it is still unclear how to identify and assess these characteristics. In this study, a technical framework was proposed to clarify the specific procedures and methods for regionalization of BF and its thresholds in large-scale areas.

Spatial-temporal variations of reference evapotranspiration and its driving factors in cold regions, northeast China.

Reference evapotranspiration ([Formula: see text]) is an important indicator for hydrometeorological change, which integrates atmospheric and surface conditions, and its downward trends have been reported in many regions over the past several decades. Cold regions constitute an important ecological barrier in China; however, few studies focus on change in [Formula: see text] in cold regions. Especially in the cold region of northeast China (CRNEC), as one of the national strategic grain bases, understanding spatial-temporal variations of [Formula: see text] is important for agriculture water management and ecological protection.

Variance-aware attention U-Net for multi-organ segmentation.

Purpose: With the continuous development of deep learning based medical image segmentation technology, it is expected to attain more robust and accurate performance for more challenging tasks, such as multi-organs, small/irregular areas, and ambiguous boundary issues.

Methods: We propose a variance-aware attention U-Net to solve the problem of multi-organ segmentation. Specifically, a simple yet effective variance-based uncertainty mechanism is devised to evaluate the discrimination of each voxel via its prediction probability.

Identification of hotspots of threatened inland fish species and regions for restoration based on longitudinal river connectivity.

Dams have reduced longitudinal river connectivity (LRC) worldwide, impairing habitat and migration opportunities for many freshwater fish species. However, national assessments linking LRC and threatened inland fish species distributions are lacking. Here, we show the trends in the LRC in China over the past 60 years, and quantitatively analyse their implications for threatened inland fish species.

The influence of cascade hydropower development on the hydrodynamic conditions impacting the reproductive process of fish with semi-buoyant eggs.

Hydropower projects have changed the physical habitat of rivers, which has a serious impact on the survival of local fish. The reproduction of fish producing semi-buoyant eggs requires a specific hydrodynamic condition. To predict the influence of cascade hydropower development on the reproductive process of fish with semi-buoyant eggs, a MIKE 21 Flow Model was applied.

Characterizing the Structural Pattern Predicting Medication Response in Herpes Zoster Patients Using Multivoxel Pattern Analysis.

Herpes zoster (HZ) can cause a blistering skin rash with severe neuropathic pain. Pharmacotherapy is the most common treatment for HZ patients. However, most patients are usually the elderly or those that are immunocompromised, and thus often suffer from side effects or easily get intractable post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) if medication fails.