One-Stage Hybrid Surgery for Complicated Acute Type B Aortic Dissection Involving Distal Arch Aneurysm: A Case Report.

An 84-year-old woman with an acute type B aortic dissection (ATBAD), an entry tear in a distal arch aneurysm, and lower-body malperfusion underwent a hybrid approach combining total arch replacement with an elephant trunk (TAR+ET), thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), and left renal artery stenting. This strategy avoided direct resection of the aneurysm or primary entry, yet stabilized hemodynamics and restored organ perfusion. Postoperative CT was favorable, and the patient was discharged without complications.

Adjustment of low-dose ATG exposure improves outcomes in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective multicenter study.

Background Aims: Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) has been used to prevent the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Low-dose ATG can suppress GVHD without increasing the risk of infectious complications. However, the relationship between ATG exposure and transplant outcomes in low-dose settings remains unclear, particularly in terms of the effect of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) on its pharmacokinetics.

The impact of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae on the distribution and healing of lumbar spondylolysis.

Purpose: Lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) are a common anatomical variant of the lumbosacral junction that has been associated with various spinal disorders. However, no prior studies have examined the relationship between LSTV and lumbar spondylolysis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the prevalence of LSTV and assess its impact on the affected spinal level and bone union rate in patients with lumbar spondylolysis.

Medical Students' Views on Family Medicine in Japan: Insights from an International Comparison.

Introduction: Promoting family medicine (FM) among medical students is essential for strengthening future primary care systems. This study examines Japanese medical students' perspectives on FM and compares them with findings from an identical study conducted in China to identify effective strategies for promoting FM.

Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered, online survey was conducted from November 2020 to February 2021, involving 438 medical students across 28 medical schools in Japan.

Development and optimization of Eva1 () targeting chimeric antigen receptor T cells.

Background: Whereas chimeric antigen receptor gene modified T (CAR-T) cell therapy has been clinically applied to malignant lymphomas and multiple myeloma, CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors has so far not reached clinical application. Epithelial V-like antigen 1 (Eva1), transcribed from is a small surface protein highly expressed on various tumor cells. We selected Eva1 as a novel solid tumor-target antigen because of its broad expression across various tumor types.

Invisible Until It Burst: Unexpected Subarachnoid Hemorrhage From a Rapid-Onset Infectious Aneurysm in a Patient With Endocarditis.

Infective endocarditis (IE) can lead to serious neurological complications, including septic embolism and infectious intracranial aneurysms (IIAs). Although IIAs are rare, their rupture often results in catastrophic outcomes. Predicting their formation, especially within a short period, remains a clinical challenge.

Preoperative loop length determination for mitral valve repair by 4-dimensional computed tomography.

Objective: In the loop technique for mitral valve repair, the loop bundles are usually created during cardiac arrest after chordal length measurements, which seems time-consuming and less reproducible. To address this issue, we determined the loop length preoperatively using 4-dimensional computed tomography.

Methods: The loop length was determined on the basis of the distance from the papillary muscle head to the free margin of nonprolapsing leaflet corresponding to the prolapsed leaflet, to which the loops would be secured.

Cullin-5 deficiency promotes chimeric antigen receptor T cell effector functions potentially via the modulation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell is a promising therapy for cancer, but factors that enhance the efficacy of CAR T cell remain elusive. Here we perform a genome-wide CRISPR screening to probe genes that regulate the proliferation and survival of CAR T cells following repetitive antigen stimulations. We find that genetic ablation of CUL5, encoding a core element of the multi-protein E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, cullin-RING ligase 5, enhances human CD19 CAR T cell expansion potential and effector functions, potentially via the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway.

Efficacy and safety of endoscopic hemostasis with a self-assembling peptide solution in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding: a multicenter pilot study (with video).

Background And Aims: PuraStat (3-D Matrix, Tokyo, Japan) is an absorbent localized hemostatic agent that uses self-assembling peptide technology. In this multicenter pilot study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic hemostasis using PuraStat in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB).

Methods: This study involved patients who had CDB with stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) and underwent endoscopic hemostasis with PuraStat monotherapy or combination therapy comprising PuraStat with endoscopic band ligation (EBL) or clipping (group A).

Tyrosine modifications of insulin-degrading enzyme enable favorable control of substrate specificity for both Alzheimer's disease and type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) cleaves amyloid beta (Aβ), insulin, and other bioactive peptides. Because Aβ and insulin are closely related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively, IDE is a candidate drug target for treating both AD and T2DM. However, the activity of IDE has opposing effects, including decreasing AD risk by degrading Aβ and increasing T2DM risk by degrading insulin.

Clock Gene Expression in Eel Retina and Hypothalamus: Response to Photoperiod and Moonlight.

Assessment of the clock genes, Period (Per) 1, Per2, Per3, and Cryptochrome (Cry) 2, Cry3, and Cry4, can help better understand eel spawning ecology. In this study, the circadian rhythm and moonlight effects of these clock genes in the eel retina and hypothalamus were analyzed. We examined clock gene expression patterns under 12 h light:12 h darkness (12L12D), constant darkness (DD), and constant light (LL) conditions; under short photoperiod (SP; 9L15D) and long photoperiod (LP; 15L9D), and during the new moon (NM) and full moon in male eels.

Analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced non-small cell lung cancer in patients receiving antacids.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are reported to decrease the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but there are few reports on the association between ICI efficacy and antacids other than PPIs, and simultaneous examination of the effects of antacids, corticosteroids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on ICI therapy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 381 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received ICI therapy from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2022. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and the secondary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).

Catalytic Transformation from Computationally Universal to Strictly Universal Measurement-Based Quantum Computation.

There are two types of universality in measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC): strict and computational. It is well known that the former is stronger than the latter. We present a method of transforming from a certain type of computationally universal MBQC to a strictly universal one.

Moderate cryptoxanthin intake correlates with maintenance of a proper PINT index in a general Japanese population.

Introduction: Small fibre neuropathy (SFN) is an early manifestation of diabetic polyneuropathy. Although oxidative stress, inflammation and change of intestinal bacterial population are assumed to be their pathogenesis, the effects of dietary nutrition have not been evaluated. The relationship between dietary nutrition intake and pain sensation was evaluated in the Japanese population.

Transient contribution of the sphenoid ala major to the socket of the temporomandibular joint in near-term fetuses.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex structure that plays a vital role in the movement of the jaw. Some anatomy and dental textbooks show that, at the medial margin, the TMJ capsule attaches to a suture between the sphenoid ala major and the temporal bone squamosa. In near-term fetuses, the ala major extends posterolaterally to approach the TMJ.

Tryptophan metabolism and small fibre neuropathy: a correlation study.

Small nerve fibres located in the epidermis sense pain. Dysfunction of these fibres decreases the pain threshold known as small fibre neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by metabolic changes other than glucose, synergistically eliciting small fibre neuropathy.

[Long-term Outcomes of the Maze Procedure Omitting the Ablation Line to The Superior Vena Cava].

Objective: In an effort to avoid postoperative sick sinus syndrome( SSS), we omit the ablation line to the superior vena cava( SVC) in the Cox-mazeⅢ lesion set. We report the long-term outcomes, including the freedom from SSS.

Methods: We studied 102 patients who underwent bi-atrial maze procedure for persistent atrial fibrillation (Af) from 2009 through 2023.

Exploratory Study of Growth of Circumference of Mandibular Fossa Adjacent to Petrous Portion of Temporal Bone Using Dried Skulls.

The morphogenetic process of development of the circumference of the mandibular fossa during tooth eruption, which involves the replacement of deciduous teeth with permanent teeth, is strongly affected by occlusion. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have investigated the effect of occlusion on this process. This study investigated the morphogenetic process of development during tooth eruption using dried skulls harvested from Indian donors.

Diabetes can increase the prevalence of EBV infection and worsen the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) infection is a primary oncogenic factor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) that elicits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although diabetic patients are more susceptible to various infectious diseases, the pathological association with virus-related NPC has not yet been clarified. Herein, we evaluated the influence of diabetes on the clinicopathological changes of 70 patients with NPC.

Optimal Surgical Method and Timing for Low-birth-weight Esophageal Atresia Babies: Multi-institutional Observational Study.

Aim Of The Study: Previous research has shown that low birth weight is one of the risk factors for esophageal atresia. However, there remains a paucity of evidence on the timing and the treatment method.

Method: Data were collected using a multi-institutional observational study in 11 hospitals that performed surgeries on esophageal atresia babies whose birth weights were ≤1500 g from 2001 to 2020.

Symptoms of sacral fractures after posterior spinal instrumented fusion: A case series.

Background: Improvements in spinal fusion devices and techniques have enabled stronger spinal fusion, resulting in excellent clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, complications associated with implants, such as screw misalignment, screw lubrication, cage dislocation, and skin issues, might occur. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and symptoms of sacral fractures after spinal instrumented fusion.

Dual CAR-T Cells Targeting CD19 and CD37 Are Effective in Target Antigen Loss B-cell Tumor Models.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells targeting multiple antigens (Ag), may reduce the risk of immune escape following the loss of the target Ag and further increase the efficacy of treatment. We developed dual-targeting CAR-T cells that target CD19 and CD37 Ags and evaluated their antitumor effects. CD19/CD37 dual CAR-T cells were generated using cotransduction and simultaneous gene transfer of two types of lentiviral vectors transferring CD19CAR or CD37CAR genes, including the intracellular domains of CD28 and CD3ζ signaling domains.