Ginkgolide B effectively mitigates neuropathic pain by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the induction of mitophagy in rats.

Neuropathic pain is a pathological state induced by the aberrant generation of pain signals within the nervous system. Ginkgolide B(GB), an active component found of Ginkgo. biloba leaves, has neuroprotective properties.

Effects of chitooligosaccharide-zinc on the ovarian function of mice with premature ovarian failure via the SESN2/NRF2 signaling pathway.

Chitooligosaccharide-zinc (COS·Zn) is a powerful anti-oxidant and anti-aging scavenger, whose anti-oxidative ability immensely exceeds vitamin C. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of COS·Zn against premature ovarian failure (POF) and potential mechanisms. Female KM adult mice were divided into the following groups: a treatment group (150 mg·kg·d COS·Zn), a treatment group (300 mg·kg·d COS·Zn), a prevention group, two control groups and two CY/BUS groups.

Effects of shikonin on the development of ovarian follicles and female germline stem cells.

Objective: To investigate the effects and potential mechanism of action of shikonin (SHK) on the development of ovarian follicles and female germline stem cells (FGSCs).

Methods: Female Kunming adult mice were administered SHK (0, 20 and 50 mg/kg) by oral gavage. Cultures of FGSCs were treated with SHK 32 μmol/l for 24 h.

[Expression relationship of Hippo signaling molecules and ovarian germline stem cell markers in the ovarian aging process of women and mice].

The present study was aimed to investigate the expression relationship of Hippo signaling molecules and ovarian germline stem cell (OGSC) markers in the development schedule of OGSCs during ovarian aging in women and mice. The ovaries of 2-month-old mature (normal control) and 12-month-old (physiological ovarian aging) KM mice were sampled, and the ovarian cortex samples of young (postpuberty to 35 years old), middle age (36-50 years old) and menopausal period (51-60 years old) women were obtained with consent. The mice model of pathological ovarian aging was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide/busulfan (CY/BUS).

Hippo pathway functions as a downstream effector of AKT signaling to regulate the activation of primordial follicles in mice.

Clarifying the molecular mechanisms by which primordial follicles are initiated is crucial for the prevention and treatment of female infertility and ovarian dysfunction. The Hippo pathway has been proven to have a spatiotemporal correlation with the size of the primordial follicle pool in mice in our previous work. But the role and underlying mechanisms of the Hippo pathway in primordial follicle activation remain unclear.

[Effects of COS on promoting the pathological ovarian aging mice ovarian function by regulating immune function].

Objective: To determine whether the immunopotentiator chitosan oligosaccharide(COS)can recover the reproductive functions of pathological ovarian recession mice and improvetheir immunity.

Methods: Forty-three fertile female mice (at around 2 months),in addition to a normal control group (=8), injected intraperitoneally with busulfan and cyclophosphamide to construct premature ovarian failure mod-els. Three of them were used to test whether the infertility model was constructed successfully by HE staining.

Ghrelin receptor agonist, GHRP-2, produces antinociceptive effects at the supraspinal level via the opioid receptor in mice.

GHRP-2 is a synthetic agonist of ghrelin receptor. GHRP-2 has similar physiological functions with ghrelin. In our previous study, ghrelin (i.

The proto-oncogene c-src is involved in primordial follicle activation through the PI3K, PKC and MAPK signaling pathways.

Background: C-src is an evolutionarily conserved proto-oncogene that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In our previous studies, we have reported that another proto-oncogene, c-erbB2, plays an important role in primordial follicle activation and development. We also found that c-src was expressed in mammalian ovaries, but its functions in primordial follicle activation remain unclear.

[Preliminary study about the role of c-src in the initiation of primordial follicle in rat ovary].

Objective: To explore the role of c-src on the initiation of primordial follicles.

Methods: 2-days-old female SD rats' ovaries were cultured in Waymouth culture system and were used HE staining and immunohistochemy to observe the number of follicles after 0, 4, 8 days cultured. Use chemically synthesized small interference RNA (siRNA) transfected into ovarian tissue in cultured for RNA interference, and use HE staining and RT-PCR to detect the best siRNA and packaging it by lentiviruses to test the interference effect.

c-erbB2 and c-myb induce mouse oocyte maturation involving activation of maturation promoting factor.

Proto-oncogenes are involved in cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. In the present study, we investigated the roles and mediating pathways of proto-oncogenes c-erbB(2) and c-myb in mouse oocyte maturation by RT-PCR, real-time quantitative PCR, western blot, and recombinant proto-oncogene protein microinjection. Results showed that both c-erbB(2) and c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (c-erbB(2) ASODN and c-myb ASODN) inhibited germinal vesicle breakdown and the first polar body extrusion in a dose-dependent manner.

[Roles of proto-oncogene c-erbB2 during the initiation growth of rat primordial follicles].

Objective: To study the expression and possible roles of proto-oncogene c-erbB2 during the initiation growth of primordial follicles.

Methods: Ovaries were collected from 2-day-old SD rats and cultured in the Waymouth culture system. In-situ hybridization, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the expressions of c-erbB2 mRNA and protein during the initiation growth of primordial follicles and after the effect of EGF.

Proto-oncogene c-erbB2 initiates rat primordial follicle growth via PKC and MAPK pathways.

Background: c-erbB2, a proto-oncogene coding epidermal growth factor receptor-like receptor, also as a chemosensitivity/prognosis marker for gynecologic cancer, may be involved in initiation of growth of rat primordial follicles. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role and signal pathway of c-erbB2 in onset of rat primordial follicle development.

Methods: The expression of c-erbB2 mRNA and protein in neonatal ovaries cultured 4 and 8 days with/without epidermal growth factor (EGF) were examined by in situ hybridization, RT-PCR and western blot.

[Role of MAPK and PKC signaling pathways in the regulation of c-erbB₂ in the primordial follicles onset].

Our previous studies showed that the proto-oncogene c-erbB₂ played an important role in primordial follicles growth. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of MAPK and PKC signaling pathways in the primordial follicle onset in neonatal rats, and the relationship between c-erbB₂ and MAPK/PKC signaling pathways. Ovaries collected from 2-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in the Waymouth culture system in vitro.

[The expression of proto-oncogene c-erbB₂ and its role in the initiation of primordial follicle growth in rat ovary].

Little is known about the factors that control the initiation of growth of primordial follicles. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of c-erbB₂ on the onset of primordial follicle development, and whether c-erbB₂ mediates the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in this process. We synthesized three pairs of siRNAs targeting the c-erbB₂ mRNA and transferred them into the newborn rat ovary cultured in vitro with Metafectene.

[The effects of protooncogene on oocyte maturation mediated by cytokines].

Aim: The mechanisms of cytokines in regulating oocyte maturation is still little known. The present study attempt to investigate whether the protooncogene of c-erbB2, c-myb are involved in introducing of cytokines to regulate oocyte maturation.

Methods: This research used mouse GV stage oocyte culture model in vitro and RT-PCR, Western blotting method to explore the effect of EGF, TNFalpha, ET-1 and NO on oocyte maturation; to analyze the c-erbB2 mRNA and c-myb mRNA expression and the phosphorylation of MAPK and cyclinB1 expression in oocytes affected by above cytokines.

[c-erbB(2) and c-myb induce oocyte maturation via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and maturation promoting factor].

It is important to study the mechanism of oocyte maturation because oocyte maturation is essential for the female procreation. The present study was designed to observe the effects of protooncogenes c-erbB(2) and c-myb on oocyte maturation and the upstream and downstream relationship with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and maturation promoting factor (MPF). The investigation was designed as follows: (1) In order to explore the effects of protooncogenes on oocyte maturation, the dose- and time-dependent effects of c-erbB(2) antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) and c-myb ASODN on oocyte maturation were examined, and the effects of oocyte microinjection with recombinant c-erbB(2) and c-myb proteins on oocyte maturation were investigated; (2) In order to study the upstream and downstream relationship among protooncogenes of c-erbB(2), c-myb and protein kinases of MAPK and MPF in regulating oocyte maturation, mouse oocytes were cultured in the medium treated with c-erbB(2) ASODN, c-myb ASODN, PD98059 (the MAPK inhibitor) or roscovitine (the MPF inhibitor) for 8 h, respectively, and the expressions of c-erbB(2) mRNA, c-myb mRNA, MAPK and MPF were examined.

[The expression and control of telomerase in preantral ovary].

Aim: To study the expression and control of telomerase in rat preantral ovary.

Methods: Added different factors to the preantral ovarian granulosa cells, then using TRAP-ELISA to analyze the expression of telomerase.

Results: Telomerase activation was detected in granulosa cells.

[Effect of protooncogene c-myb on progesterone-induced mouse germinal vesicle stage oocyte maturation in vitro].

Aim: To investigate the effects of c-myb on progesterone-induced mouse germinal vesicle(GV) stage denuded oocyte (DO) maturation in vitro.

Methods: We used mouse GV stage oocyte cultured with special concentration progesterone, or/and antisense c-myb ODN, or/and db-cAMP, or/and heparin for 24 h, and observed oocyte maturation and analysed the relationship among them.

Results: We cultured DO in the medium 199 for 24 h, and found 10 micromol/L progesterone had more significant effect than 5 micromol/L progesterone (2 h GVBD% P < 0.

[Telomerase: the expression and regulatory mechanisms in preovulatory ovarian granulosa cells].

The objective of this study was to analyze the expression of telomerase in granulosa cells and the influential factors in telomerase expression. TRAP-ELISA (telomeric repeat amplification protocol-enzyme linked immunoadsordent assay) method was used to study the expression and control of telomerase in rat preovulatory ovary. We also used radioimmunoassay (RIA) to determine the expression of estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P(0)).

[Study of effect and mechanism of c-myb on the fertilization in mouse].

Aim: To investigate the distribution of c-myb, an oncoprotein, in mouse oocytes-cumulus cell complex and sperm immunohistochemically.

Methods: To study the effect of c-myb on mouse fertilization in vitro, various concentration of c-myb antisense-oligodeoxynucleotides (c-myb ASODNs) were incubated with sperms and oocytes during fertilization. To explore the possible mechanism involved in fertilization, the relationship between c-myb ASODNs and GABA or dbcAMP or Verapamil or Progesterone in fertilization was also observed by immunohistochemical methods.

[Experimental study of c-erbB2 on the fertilization in mouse].

Aim And Methods: The distribution of ErbB2 in mouse testis, epididymidis, ovaries, oocyte-cumulus cells-complexes in oviducts and sperms was investigated immunohistochemically. To study the effect of c-erbB2 on mouse fertilization in vitro, various concentrations of c-erbB2 antisense oligonucleotides (c-erbB2 ASODNs) were incubated with sperms and oocyte-cumulus cells-complexes during fertilization in vitro. To explore possible mechanisms involved in fertilization, the relationship between c-erbB2 ASODNs and GABA, or dbcAMP, or verapamil during fertilization in vitro was also observed.

[Expression of c-fos in various functional state of rat ovaries].

Aim And Methods: The method of labeled streptavidin biotin was used to study the expression of c-fos in various functional state of rat ovaries and its relationship with the levels of serum estradiol and progesterone.

Results: (1) In the mature rat, c-fos expression was found higher in interstitial gland and stroma of proestrous ovaries and lower in estrous ovaries, and was found higher in luteal cells and stroma of pregnant ovaries and lower in diestrous ovaries. There was a positive correlation between the area and optical density of c-fos expression and the levels of serum E2 and P.