Refinement of efficient encodings of movement in the dorsolateral striatum throughout learning.

The dorsal striatum plays a critical role in action selection, movement, and sensorimotor learning. While action-specific striatal ensembles have been described, the mechanisms underlying their formation and evolution during motor learning remain poorly understood. Here, we employed longitudinal two-photon Ca imaging of dorsal striatal neurons in head-fixed mice as they learned to self-initiate locomotion.

The impact of transcranial ultrasound on auditory brainstem responses and neuronal activation in the cochlear nucleus.

Objectives: Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive technique with therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. Given its increasing therapeutic relevance, it is essential to identify any unintended consequences, especially on vulnerable systems such as the auditory pathway. Specifically, the precise impact of TUS on auditory responses and neural activation patterns within the central auditory system remains unclear.

[Study on mechanisms of changes of TTX-R/TTX-S sodium channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons after acupoint sensitization induced by myocardial ischemia in mice].

Objectives: To explore the relation between acupoint sensitization and alterations of electrical signals of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from the perspective of ion channel dynamics in myocardial ischemia (MI) model mice.

Methods: Sixty-four male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to control and model groups (=32/group). The MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) of the coronary artery.

Linear self-acceptance and nonlinear social comparison: interacting influences on adolescent depression.

Background: This research builds on the understanding that low self-acceptance is an important feature of adolescent depression, and that social comparison is a critical factor in self-concept formation during adolescence. However, there are gaps in our understanding of their interactive effects and the non-linear features between these factors in influencing adolescent depression.

Aim: The study attempts to test two main hypotheses: (1) increased levels of self-acceptance will correlate with reduced depressive symptoms and moderate the negative effects of social comparison on depression; and (2) the relationship between social comparison and depression will exhibit nonlinearity at different levels of self-acceptance.

Phylogenomic Inference Suggests Differential Deep Time Phylogenetic Signals from Nuclear and Organellar Genomes in Gymnosperms.

The living gymnosperms include about 1200 species in five major groups: cycads, ginkgo, gnetophytes, Pinaceae (conifers I), and cupressophytes (conifers II). Molecular phylogenetic studies have yet to reach a unanimously agreed-upon relationship among them. Moreover, cytonuclear phylogenetic incongruence has been repeatedly observed in gymnosperms.

Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Loach Goby Rhyacichthys aspro Offers Insights Into Gobioidei Evolution.

The percomorph fish clade Gobioidei is a suborder that comprises over 2200 species distributed in nearly all aquatic habitats. To understand the genetics underlying their species diversification, we sequenced and annotated the genome of the loach goby, Rhyacichthys aspro, an early-diverging group, and compared it with nine additional Gobioidei species. Within Gobioidei, the loach goby possesses the smallest genome at 594 Mb, and a rise in species diversity from early-diverging to more recently diverged lineages is mirrored by enlarged genomes and a higher presence of transposable elements (TEs), particularly DNA transposons.

Linaggrenoids A-I, structurally diverse lindenane sesquiterpenoids with anti-hepatic fibrosis effects from Lindera aggregata.

Linaggrenoid A (1), a highly rearranged lindenane sesquiterpenoid, together with eight undescribed lindenane sesquiterpenoid linaggrenoids B-I (2-9) and eight known analogs (10-17), were isolated from the root tubers of Lindera aggregata. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were established using spectroscopic and computational methods, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Linaggrenoids A and H (1 and 8), featuring a 5/6/3 and 3/5/6 carbocyclic ring system, respectively, demonstrated potential as anti-hepatic fibrosis agents by suppressing the expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and α-smooth muscle actin in TGF-β1-induced LX-2 cells.

Widely accessible prognostication using medical history for fetal growth restriction and small for gestational age in nationwide insured women.

Prevention of fetal growth restriction/small for gestational age (FGR/SGA) is adequate if screening is accurate. Ultrasound and biomarkers can achieve this goal; however, both are often inaccessible. This study aimed to develop, validate, and deploy a prognostic prediction model for screening FGR/SGA using only medical history.

Self-Healing Hydrogel Dressing with Solubilized Flavonoids for Whole Layer Regeneration of Diabetic Wound.

Hydrogels are soft, tissue-like materials that have great potential as wound dressings. However, most hydrogels are unsatisfactory in achieving whole-layer regeneration of diabetic wounds due to the complex pathological microenvironment and irregular wound shapes. Here, a glucose-responsive and self-adaptive phenylboronic acid (PBA) hydrogel solubilized strong antioxidant flavonoids (Gel-Flavonoids) is developed via dynamic borate bonds.

Alpinoblonoids A and B, Two 16--Labdane-Related Diterpenoids with a Tricyclic Carbon Skeleton from .

Alpinoblonoids A () and B (), two 16--labdane related diterpenoids featuring 2,6,6,10,11-pentamethyltricyclo[8.4.0.

[Electroacupuncture relieves neuropathic pain-induced anxio-depression-like behaviors by regulating glutamatergic neurons in the ventrolateral orbital cortex of mice].

Objectives: To investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) at "Yanglingquan" (GV34) and "Xuanzhong" (GB34) can alleviate anxio-depression-like behaviors induced by neuropathic pain and whether the effect of EA is in connection with the activity of glutamatergic neurons in the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO).

Methods: The neuropathic pain model was established by common peroneal nerve ligation (CPNL). GV34 and GB34 were selected in EA treatment (2 Hz/15 Hz, 1 mA), 15 min each time, once a day for 7 d.

A role for proprioceptors in sngception.

Proprioceptors are primary mechanosensory neurons to monitor the status of muscle contraction and/or body position (). Although proprioceptors are known as non-nociceptive mechanoreceptors, they also express the pro-nociceptive acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) (-). To probe the role for proprioceptors in sensing acidosis (or sngception) (), we found that genetic deletion of in proprioceptors but not in nociceptors abolished acid-induced chronic hyperalgesia in mice.

Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence Detection of Dopamine Using Antifouling PEDOT-Modified SPEs for Complex Biological Samples.

Detecting medically important biomarkers in complex biological samples without prior treatment or extraction poses a major challenge in biomedical analysis. Electrochemical methods, specifically electrochemiluminescence (ECL), show potential due to their high sensitivity, minimal background noise, and straightforward operation. This study investigates the ECL performance of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its derivatives for dopamine (DA) detection.

[Effects of electroacupuncture at auricular points on excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex of posttraumatic stress disorder mice].

Objectives: To elucidate the relationship between the auricular point stimulation and the activity of glutamatergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) from the perspective of intrinsic excitability plasticity of neurons in mice with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), so as to explore the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture at auricular points in improving emotional diseases induced by PTSD.

Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into control, PTSD model, sham electroacupuncture (EA), and EA groups, with 5 mice in each group. The glutamatergic neurons were labelled by injection of AAV2/9-CaMKⅡα-EGFP viral fluid into the bilateral ACC.

[Correlation between acupoint sensitization of body surface and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide expression in myocardial ischemia mice].

Objectives: To explore the relationship between sensitization points of the body surface and the expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptides (PACAP) in myocardial ischemia (MI) mice, so as to reveal the underlying mechanisms of acupoint sensitization from the perspective of molecular biology.

Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control and model groups (28 mice/group). The MI-induced visceral pain model was established by intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline (ISO, 160 mg/kg).

Comparison of global transcriptomes for nontyphoidal Salmonella clinical isolates from pediatric patients with and without bacteremia after their interaction with human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.

Background: Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) outbreaks of invasive diseases are increasing. Whether the genetic diversity of invasive NTS correlates with the clinical characteristics and bacteremia development in NTS infections remains unclear. In this study, we compared the global transcriptomes between bacteremic and nonbacteremic NTS strains after their interaction with human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.

AQP4 is upregulated in schizophrenia and Its inhibition attenuates MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice.

Background: The pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia (SCZ) remain unclear, and the effective treatment resources are still limited. The goal of this study is to identify the expression of AQP4 in SCZ patients and explore whether AQP4 inhibition could ameliorate schizophrenia-like behaviors and its mechanisms.

Methods: Microarray datasets of PFC compared with healthy control were searched in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with the GEO2R online tool.

Understanding Shame-Driven Aggression: The Roles of Externalization of Blame and Hostility in Chinese Adolescents.

Background: Shame-proneness, particularly in adolescence, is a critical psychological construct linked to aggressive behavior. This study addresses the gap in understanding the specific mechanisms of this relationship within the cultural context of Chinese adolescents.

Aim: The study aims to explore the mediating roles of hostility and externalization of blame in the connection between shame-proneness and aggression among Chinese adolescents.

The Bridge Between Childhood Trauma and Alexithymia Among Adolescents with Depressive and Bipolar Disorders: A Network Bridge Analysis.

Childhood trauma and alexithymia are significant risk factors for adolescent mental health issues. Prior research has linked these factors to psychopathology, but the complexities of their interrelation remain underexplored. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between various forms of childhood trauma and alexithymia in adolescents with depressive and bipolar disorders.

Refinement of efficient encodings of movement in the dorsolateral striatum throughout learning.

The striatum is required for normal action selection, movement, and sensorimotor learning. Although action-specific striatal ensembles have been well documented, it is not well understood how these ensembles are formed and how their dynamics may evolve throughout motor learning. Here we used longitudinal 2-photon Ca imaging of dorsal striatal neurons in head-fixed mice as they learned to self-generate locomotion.

Latent profile analysis of Eysenck's personality dimensions and psychological constructs in university students.

Background: The exploration of personality traits in relation to psychological constructs has become increasingly relevant in understanding the mental health of university students (the emerging adulthood). Studies have focused on how dimensions intersect with various psychological parameters.

Aim: The study aims to identify distinct personality profiles among university students based on Eysenck's personality dimensions and investigate how these profiles differ across psychological constructs.

Acacetin alleviates autoimmune myocarditis by regulating CD4+ T cell mitochondrial respiration.

Background: Myocarditis refers to an autoimmune inflammatory response of the myocardium with characterization of self-reactive CD4+ T cell activation, which lacks effective treatment and has a poor prognosis. Acacetin is a natural flavonoid product that has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, acacetin has not been investigated in myocarditis.