Innovative Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Specific Modified Monomer, Dimer, and Tetramer in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment.

Modified glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) plays a crucial role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment. The comparative hypoglycemic effect among fatty-acid-modified GLP-1 monomer G20, dimer 2G21, and tetramer 4G18 was evaluated in T2D mice. The polymers exhibited an opposite solubility with their monomers.

Analysis of cellular and gene therapy product reviews in the United States.

The emergence of cellular and gene therapy (CGT) products has profoundly transformed healthcare by addressing previously unmet medical needs. However, developing these innovative therapies presents complex regulatory challenges that require thorough examination. This study aimed to identify strategies to mitigate potential delays or rejections in the CGT approval process.

Birth prevalence of orofacial clefts among perinatal infants: A register-based study in Bao'an district, Shenzhen, China.

Background: The birth prevalence of orofacial clefts (OFCs) has been widely studied, but results are considerable varied, and epidemiological studies in southern China are few in numbers. To address this gap, we carried out a register-based study to estimate the birth prevalence of OFCs in Bao'an district, Shenzhen, China.

Methods: Data of perinatal infants born between 2003 and 2017 were extracted from Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Management System.

Effect of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7-specific enterohaemolysin on interleukin-1β production differs between human and mouse macrophages due to the different sensitivity of NLRP3 activation.

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in humans can cause acute haemorrhagic colitis and severe haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The role of enterohaemolysin (Ehx) in the pathogenesis of O157:H7-mediated disease in humans remains undefined. Recent studies have revealed the importance of the inflammatory response in O157:H7 pathogenesis in humans.

[Effects of signal transducers and activators of transcription 4 and 6 on development of worms and granuloma formation in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum].

Objective: To explore the effects of STAT4 and STAT6 on the development of worms and granuloma formation in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum.

Methods: All the intact BALB/cJ mice and STAT4(-/-), STAT6(-/-) mice with the same genetic background were infected with 25 S. japonicum cercariae.

Hemorrhagic fever caused by a novel Bunyavirus in China: pathogenesis and correlates of fatal outcome.

Background:  Hemorrhagic fever-like illness caused by a novel Bunyavirus, Huaiyangshan virus (HYSV, also known as Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia virus [SFTSV] and Fever, Thrombocytopenia and Leukopenia Syndrome [FTLS]), has recently been described in China.

Methods:  Patients with laboratory-confirmed HYSV infection who were admitted to Union Hospital or Zhongnan Hospital between April 2010 and October 2010 were included in this study. Clinical and routine laboratory data were collected and blood, throat swab, urine, or feces were obtained when possible.

The effects of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-4 deficiency on worm development and granuloma formation in Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice.

CD4(+) T-helper (Th) cell is widely recognized to be capable of influencing worm development and egg granuloma formation after schistosome infection. Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-4 play key roles in regulation of Th cell differentiation. In the present study, we subcutaneously inoculated mice with hybridoma cells secreting monoclonal antibodies to neutralize IL-12 and IL-4 and explored the effects of IL-12 and IL-4 deficiency on the worm development and granuloma formation in mice infected with cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum.

[Suppression effect of different stage antigens of Schistosoma japonicum on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma].

Objective: To investigate the effect of antigens of different stage Schistosoma japonicum on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma.

Methods: 48 female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into eight groups. Mice in group A were given normal saline of equal volume as control.

[Up-expression of PD-1-PD-L induced by immunization with SEA and SMWA of Schistosoma japonicum in mice].

Objective: To explore the expression of PD-1-PD-L pathway of mice immunized with soluble egg antigen (SEA) or soluble male worm antigen (SMWA) of Schistosoma japonicum.

Methods: Eighteen BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups named as control group (A), SEA immunized group (B) and SMWA immunized group (C). Mice in groups B and C were subcutaneously immunized weekly with SEA (50 microg) and SMWA (50 microg) of S.

Schistosoma japonicum infection modulates the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation in mice.

Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, is coordinated by Th2 cells in both human asthmatics and animal models of allergic asthma. It has been shown that helminth infections including Schistosoma mansoni may modulate atopic diseases including asthma. In the present study, BALB/c mice were infected with bisexual and unisexual (male) S.

[Suppression of Schistosoma japonicum eggs on TNBS-induced colitis in mice].

Objective: To study the suppression of Schistosoma japonicum eggs against the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice.

Methods: 50 female BALB/c mice (6-8 week-old) were randomly divided into normal control group, ethanol control group, schistosome egg immunized control group, TNBS-induced colitis group and TNBS-induced colitis with egg immunization group. In TNBS-induced colitis with egg immunization group, mice were immunized 4 times with 10,000 schistosome eggs by intraperitoneal injection with one-week interval.

The effects of T cell deficiency on the development of worms and granuloma formation in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum.

It is widely accepted that the immune response of the host attacks the parasite and the parasite appears to develop strategies to evade the assault. However, there is increasing evidence that the development of a parasite may be also positively influenced by the immune response of host. In this paper, we explore the effects of T cell deficiency on the development of the worms and granuloma formation in mice infected with cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum.

[Production and identification of chicken egg yolk antibodies against soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma japonicum].

Objective: To produce and purify egg yolk immunoglobulin against soluble egg antigen (SEA) of Schistosoma japonicum, and evaluate its specificity and sensitivity.

Methods: 25-week old hen was intravenously and subcutaneously immunized with SEA of Schistosoma japonicum for 4 times. Each hen was first immunized with 60 microg SEA and subsequent injections were performed at 10-day intervals with 30 microg SEA.

Schistosoma japonicum eggs modulate the activity of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs and prevent development of colitis in mice.

Crohn's disease (CD) is considered to be caused by a disorder of the immune system and helminth infections may interact with development of the disease. We induced colitis in mice by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and observed the effects of intraperitoneally injected eggs of Schistosoma japonicum on the course of the disease. The inflammation in the colon was reduced in egg-treated mice and secretion of IFN-gamma (a Th1 cytokine) by cultured spleen cells in vitro was greatly suppressed, and of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines) significantly elevated after egg injection.

[Microarray DNA chip in analyzing the association between HLA-DRB and advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis].

Objective: To explore possible associations between host polymorphism of HLA class II genotypes and advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis japonica.

Methods: 45 advanced schistosomiasis patients (experimental group) and 44 age- and sex-matched patients with chronic schistosomiasis (control group) from the same area were investigated for their HLA class II gene DRB genotypes by genotyping the alleles using microarray DNA chip. The correlation of allele frequencies to advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis was compared for the two groups.

[Impact of chronic schistosomiasis japonica on the protective immunity induced by vaccine against hepatitis B virus].

Objective: To study the impact of chronic schistosomiasis on the protective immunity induced by vaccine against hepatitis B virus.

Methods: 24 patients with chronic or advanced schistosomiasis (experimental group) and 26 healthy volunteers (control group) all without hepatitis B virus infection were selected for the study. Sera of the subjects in the two groups were collected before inoculation and on the 35th day after inoculation with yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.