Laser-emitting aqueous bioreactors for ultrasensitive bioactivity analysis.

Water droplets, acting as natural bioreactors and optical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonators, hold the potential for laser-assisted analysis. However, water/aqueous droplet lasers can only survive in air with a limited lifespan (<100 s) due to rapid evaporation, restricting their applications in bioreactions. To address this challenge, we introduce laser-emitting aqueous bioreactors (LEABs) in fluorocarbon oils.

Evaluate the impact of PM in different macrophage types under the influence of seasonal changes and anthropogenic activities.

Particulate matter (PM) in air pollution has become a major environmental concern due to its potential health impacts, which vary seasonally and with human activities. While PM is often monitored for concentration, its chemical composition is equally important, especially regarding its effects on the immune system, which remain poorly understood. This study investigates the biological effects of PM2.

Feature-based molecular networking of two Arenga species extracts, appraisal of their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidiarrheal activity.

Objective: Genus Arenga was used in traditional medicine for their analgesia and anti-inflammatory activities. This study is aimed to report the chemical profile and therapeutic potential in management of diarrhea and pain control for the aqueous methanolic extract (AME) of A. engleri and A.

Mechanistic modeling of retention time distribution under high breakthrough conditions for continuous Protein A affinity capture.

Regulatory authorities strongly recommend using residence time distribution (RTD) to achieve material traceability in continuous bioprocesses for non-adsorption units. For adsorption-based units, such as chromatography, retention time distribution (ReTD) is more suitable than RTD for characterizing material flow. Continuous capture chromatography is widely applied for biopharmaceutical continuous manufacturing.

Assessing 3-D variability of ultrafine particle using a Geo-AI modelling approach: A case study in Zhunan-Miaoli, Taiwan.

Previous air pollution modeling studies have predominantly emphasized horizontal distributions, overlooking the critical vertical variability of pollutant concentrations in urban environments. Therefore, the three-dimensional (3-D) behavior of air pollutants, and of ultrafine particulate matter (PM) in particular, is insufficiently characterized. This study examined the 3-D distribution of PM in the Zhunan and Toufen regions in Miaoli, Taiwan.

Targeting Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation: Identification of Pyrazolidinone Carboxamide Derivatives as Potent Selective Inhibitors of Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 (FPR1)-Activated Neutrophils.

Neutrophils play a critical role in the innate immune response, but their overactivation can lead to chronic inflammation and tissue damage in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and sepsis. Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is a key regulator of neutrophil activation, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. In this study, an in-house screening revealed pyrazolidinone carboxamide derivatives as effective inhibitors of neutrophil activation, exhibiting no cytotoxic effects.

Deep Learning-Assisted Nanocavity Sensor for Amphiphilic Biomarker Analysis.

Fluorescence enhancement using nanocavity structures is a promising approach for rapid detection of amphiphilic biomarkers, which are essential for diagnosing diseases such as cancer and infections. This paper presents the use of a silver nanocube (AgNC)-gold mirror nanocavity integrated with a support lipid bilayer (SLB) for enhanced fluorescence detection. The SLB ensures optimal spacing, minimizing quenching and enhancing the fluorescence signal of amphiphilic biomarkers.

Application of machine learning algorithms to identify risk factors for depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A Taiwan diabetes registry study.

Background: We analyzed variables reported during routine clinical practice using a registrational database to estimate risk factors for depression in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score of 15 was selected as the cut-off for clinically meaningful depression. Missing data was either filled in with a median value, the k -nearest neighbors' method, or the entire variable was removed.

Inhibition of RPA32 and Cytotoxic Effects of the Carnivorous Plant Root Extract in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells.

The carnivorous plant has been traditionally used in various ethnobotanical applications, including treatments for type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis-like symptoms. This study investigates the cytotoxic effects of root extract (Sp-R) on human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, including H1975, H838, and A549, focusing on its impact on cell survival, apoptosis, proliferation, and migration. Additionally, its ability to inhibit the single-stranded DNA-binding activity of human RPA32 (huRPA32), a key protein in DNA replication, was evaluated.

Dielectric Nanocavity Enhanced Fluorescence Emission for Ultrasensitive Wavelength-Multiplexed Detection.

This study demonstrates a novel biosensing platform utilizing a dielectric nanocavity to enhance fluorescence emission for the ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules. By coupling a silver (Ag) nanocube with a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror, we achieved a substantial fluorescence enhancement reaching a maximum enhancement factor of up to 855-fold and having quasi-single molecule sensitivity. The platform was successfully applied for multiplexed detection of four different miRNA biomarkers, showcasing its ability to detect multiple targets simultaneously with high sensitivity.

Hybrid Modeling of the Reversed-Phase Chromatographic Purification of an Oligonucleotide: Few-Shot Learning From Differentiable Physics Solver-in-the-Loop.

Hybrid models integrate mechanistic and data-driven components, effectively addressing the challenges of limited process understanding and data availability typical of biopharmaceutical processes. In this study, we applied a hybrid modeling framework named differentiable physics solver-in-the-loop (DP-SOL) to describe the reversed-phase chromatographic purification of an oligonucleotide, overcoming the mentioned limitations of purely mechanistic and data-driven models. The framework establishes a connection between neural networks (NNs) and mechanistic models through differentiable physical operators and their gradients.

The correlation of immunotoxicity with size and chemical properties of particulate matter within macrophages.

In recent years, air pollution has become a major public health concern. The emission of greenhouse gases aggravates climate change, thereby affecting air quality. Among these pollutants, particulate matter (PM) can cause respiratory and cardiovascular damage.

Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promote the growth of human hair dermal papilla cells.

Human hair dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs) play a significant role in hair growth. This study found that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (UC-MSC-Es) effectively enhanced cell growth of HHDPCs. UC-MSC-Es has a size range of 30-180 nm and expression of CD9, CD63, CD81, CD73, and TSG101.

Development of an Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Electrocardiography to Detect 23 Cardiac Arrhythmias and Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Arrhythmias are common and can affect individuals with or without structural heart disease. Deep learning models (DLMs) have shown the ability to recognize arrhythmias using 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs). However, the limited types of arrhythmias and dataset robustness have hindered widespread adoption.

Arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction with dermal allograft and autologous long head of the biceps tendon for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears, a two-year clinical and radiological results.

Background: A 2 mm-thick dermal allograft and autologous Long Head of the Biceps Tendon (LHBT) Superior Capsule Reconstruction (SCR) could provide improved clinical and radiographic outcomes for posterosuperior Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears (MIRCTs).

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between April 2019 and October 2021. The LHBT was rerouted 5 mm posteriorly to the bicipital groove, and a 2 mm-thcick dermal allograft was used to cover the rerouted LHBT.

Scutellaria barbata ameliorates acute respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The traditional medicinal herb Scutellaria barbata D. Don (commonly known as Ban Zhi Lian) is renowned for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties and has been used to treat inflammatory conditions and various cancers. While lung inflammation is an indication for S.

Breathing Laser-Spectral Mapping of Cavity-Enhanced Redox Reactions with Subcellular Resolution.

Precise and dynamic observation of redox reactions in living organisms holds significant importance for the study of physiological processes and pathological mechanisms. However, the current technologies still make it challenging to monitor this process in a nondestructive and highly sensitive manner. Herein, we introduced a bioactive laser approach for ultrasensitive and real-time monitoring of intracellular redox reactions.

Digital Lasing Biochip for Tumor-Derived Exosome Analysis.

Digital microfluidics represents an emerging versatile platform that offers numerous advantages in biomolecule detection. However, conventional probes often lack high-intensity and high-sensitivity signals, making it challenging for precise and automatic analysis. Recently, optical microresonators stand as a prominent high-sensitivity detection in the biological field.

BTEX exposure and metabolite levels in Taiwan schoolchildren near petrochemical areas.

Introduction: Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in ambient air pose significant health risks for residents near petrochemical facilities. However, limited research has investigated the correlation between BTEX exposure and urinary metabolites in children. This is the first study to determine this association among primary school children near petrochemical industrial parks (PIPs) in Taiwan.

Automated CT image prescription of the gallbladder using deep learning: Development, evaluation, and health promotion.

Aim: Most previous research on AI-based image diagnosis of acute cholecystitis (AC) has utilized ultrasound images. While these studies have shown promising outcomes, the results were based on still images captured by physicians, introducing inevitable selection bias. This study aims to develop a fully automated system for precise gallbladder detection among various abdominal structures, aiding clinicians in the rapid assessment of AC requiring cholecystectomy.

High-Sensitive Hydrogel Optofluidic Microcavities for Heavy Metal Ion Detection.

Hydrogels have emerged as promising sensors for detecting heavy metal ions in fluids and have been extensively developed. However, monitoring of multiple target analytes in Chinese herbs remains challenging due to subtle chemical signals and the complex composition of the extracted solutions. To address these challenges, we developed a hydrogel optofluidic sensor to amplify analyte signals through strong light-matter interactions within the hydrogel.

Proximity to petrochemical industry and risk of childhood asthma occurrence.

Adverse effects on the respiratory system were associated with intensive petroleum-related industrial activities. The study aimed to assess the impact of petrochemical exposure on childhood asthma using various surrogate indices. A singleton birth cohort from 2004 to 2017 was conducted, leveraging two linked nationwide databases in Taiwan.

Mechanistic modeling of anti-Langmuirian to Langmuirian behavior of Fc-fusion proteins in cation exchange chromatography.

Development of a next-generation chromatographic model, capable of simultaneously meeting academic demands for thermodynamic consistency and industrial requirements in everyday project work, has become a focal point of research. In this study, anti-Langmuirian to Langmuirian (AL-L) elution behavior was observed in cation-exchange chromatographic separation of charge variants of industrial Fc-fusion proteins. To characterize this behavior, the multi-protein Mollerup activity model was integrated into the steric mass action (SMA) model, resulting in a new model named the generalized ion-exchange (nGIEX) isotherm for multi-protein systems.

Unleashing Giant Förster Resonance Energy Transfer by Bound State in the Continuum.

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), driven by dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs), is widely utilized in chemistry, biology, and nanophotonics. However, conventional FRET is ineffective at donor-acceptor distances exceeding 10 nm and measurements suffer from low signal-to-noise ratios. In this study, we demonstrate significant FRET enhancement and extended interaction distances under ambient conditions by utilizing a bound state in the continuum (BIC) mode within a dielectric metasurface cavity.