Rapid formation of partial denitrification biofilm using gas-liquid separation membrane as carrier: Performance and mechanism.

Partial denitrification (PD) can ensure stable supply of electron acceptors for anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and biofilm is an effective method to prevent biomass loss, which are crucial for stable operation of PD. In this study, hydrophobic hollow-fiber gas-liquid separation membranes were placed in a denitrification sequencing batch reactor, and dense biofilms were formed within just 3 days. Confocal laser microscopy showed the preferential attachment of the protein (PN) content in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the membrane surface, followed by exopolysaccharides.

A genome-wide association study and genomic prediction for resistance in soybean.

Soybean brown rust (SBR), caused by , is a devastating fungal disease that threatens global soybean production. This study conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with seven models on a panel of 3,082 soybean accessions to identify the markers associated with SBR resistance by 30,314 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Then five genomic selection (GS) models, including Ridge regression best linear unbiased predictor (rrBLUP), Genomic best linear unbiased predictor (gBLUP), Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Bayesian LASSO), Random Forest (RF), and Support vector machines (SVM), were used to predict breeding values of SBR resistance using whole genome SNP sets and GWAS-based marker sets.

A Genome-Wide Association Study and Genomic Prediction for Fiber and Sucrose Contents in a Mapping Population of LCP 85-384 Sugarcane.

Sugarcane ( spp. hybrids) is an economically important crop for both sugar and biofuel industries. Fiber and sucrose contents are the two most critical quantitative traits in sugarcane breeding that require multiple-year and multiple-location evaluations.

Denitrification for acidic wastewater treatment: Long-term performance, microbial communities, and nitrous oxide emissions.

Acidic nitrogenous wastewater often requires alkali pretreatment before biological treatment, which results in increased system complexity and operating costs. The demonstration of denitrification under acidic conditions would provide a theoretical basis for the direct treatment of such wastewater. In this study, the denitrification performance, microbial community, and nitrous oxide (NO) emissions under acidic conditions were investigated using a sequencing batch reactor.

WGCNA Identifies a Comprehensive and Dynamic Gene Co-Expression Network That Associates with Smut Resistance in Sugarcane.

Sugarcane smut is a major fungal disease caused by , which seriously reduces the yield and quality of sugarcane. In this study, 36 transcriptome data were collected from two sugarcane genotypes, YT93-159 (resistant) and ROC22 (susceptible) upon infection. Data analysis revealed 20,273 (12,659 up-regulated and 7614 down-regulated) and 11,897 (7806 up-regulated and 4091 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in YT93-159 and ROC22, respectively.

Long Non-Coding RNAs: New Players in Plants.

During the process of growth and development, plants are prone to various biotic and abiotic stresses. They have evolved a variety of strategies to resist the adverse effects of these stresses. lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) are a type of less conserved RNA molecules of more than 200 nt (nucleotides) in length.

Sugarcane Mosaic Disease: Characteristics, Identification and Control.

Mosaic is one of the most important sugarcane diseases, caused by single or compound infection of (SCMV), (SrMV), and/or (SCSMV). The compound infection of mosaic has become increasingly serious in the last few years. The disease directly affects the photosynthesis and growth of sugarcane, leading to a significant decrease in cane yield and sucrose content, and thus serious economic losses.

[Effect of Ozone Dosage on Sludge Settleability and Biological Nutrient Removal in SBR System].

The effect of ozone dosage on sludge settleability and biological nutrient removal performance in a sequencing batch reactor was investigated by inoculating the bulking sludge with the SVI of 280 mL·g from a wastewater treatment plant in winter. The filamentous mycelium was interrupted, and the SVI was decreased to 125 mL·g after ozone dosage with a low concentration of 0.085 g·g(O/MLSS) for 20 days, which indicated the disappearance of the sludge bulking.

[In-situ Phosphorus Removal Activity and Impact of the Organic Matter Concentration on Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal in Sludge Aggregates].

In this work, the redox potential, dissolved oxygen, and phosphate microelectrodes were used to quantitatively study the in-situ activity of dephosphorization bacteria and the impact of the organic matter concentration on denitrifying phosphorus removal in sludge aggregates in a sequencing batch reactor. The results showed that the maximum net volume release rate of phosphorus was 3.29 mg·(cm·h) in the initial anaerobic sludge aggregates, which was approximately 3 times the maximum net volume uptake rate of phosphorus at the initial anoxic stage.

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Saccharum and Erianthus genera using microsatellite (SSR) markers.

In order to understand the genetic diversity and structure within and between the genera of Saccharum and Erianthus, 79 accessions from five species (S. officinarum, S. spontaneum, S.

Heterologous expression of a Glyoxalase I gene from sugarcane confers tolerance to several environmental stresses in bacteria.

Glyoxalase I belongs to the glyoxalase system that detoxifies methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic by-product produced mainly from triose phosphates. The concentration of MG increases rapidly under stress conditions. In this study, a novel glyoxalase I gene, designated as was identified from sugarcane.

A Comparative Study of Three Detection Techniques for Subsp. , the Causal Pathogen of Sugarcane Ratoon Stunting Disease.

The ratoon stunting disease (RSD), caused by the bacterium subsp (), is one of the most economically devastating diseases impacting sugarcane. RSD causes significant yield losses and variety degradation. Diagnosis of RSD is challenging because it does not exhibit any discernible internal and external symptoms.

Isolation and characterization of centromeric repetitive DNA sequences in Saccharum spontaneum.

Sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids spp.) is the most important sugar crop that accounts for ~75% of the world's sugar production. Recently, a whole-genome sequencing project was launched on the wild species S.

Rational regional distribution of sugarcane cultivars in China.

Knowing yield potential and yield stability of sugarcane cultivars is of significance in guiding sugarcane breeding and rationalising regional distribution of sugarcane cultivars. In the present study, a heritability-adjusted genotype main effect plus genotype × environment (HA-GGE) biplot program was used to analyze the cane and sucrose yields of 44 newly released sugarcane cultivars at eight pilot test sites. The cane and sucrose yields of nine cultivars were higher than those of the control cultivar ROC22.

Biplot evaluation of test environments and identification of mega-environment for sugarcane cultivars in China.

Test environments and classification of regional ecological zones into mega environments are the two key components in regional testing of sugarcane cultivars. This study aims to provide the theoretical basis for test environment evaluation and ecological zone division for sugarcane cultivars. In the present study, sugarcane yield data from a three-year nationwide field trial involving 21 cultivars and 14 pilot test locations were analysed using both analysis of variance (ANOVA) and heritability adjusted-genotype main effect plus genotype-environment interaction (HA-GGE) biplot.

Allelic divergence and cultivar-specific SSR alleles revealed by capillary electrophoresis using fluorescence-labeled SSR markers in sugarcane.

Though sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum spp. hybrids) are complex aneupolyploid hybrids, genetic evaluation and tracking of clone- or cultivar-specific alleles become possible through capillary electrophoresis (CE) using fluorescence-labeled SSR markers. Twenty-four sugarcane cultivars, 12 each from India and the USA, were genetically assessed using 21 fluorescence-labeled polymorphic SSR markers.

Photosynthetic and canopy characteristics of different varieties at the early elongation stage and their relationships with the cane yield in sugarcane.

During sugarcane growth, the Early Elongation stage is critical to cane yield formation. In this study, parameters of 17 sugarcane varieties were determined at the Early Elongation stage using CI-301 photosynthesis measuring system and CI-100 digital plant canopy imager. The data analysis showed highly significant differences in leaf area index (LAI), mean foliage inclination angle (MFIA), transmission coefficient for diffused light penetration (TD), transmission coefficient for solar beam radiation penetration (TR), leaf distribution (LD), net photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (GS) among sugarcane varieties.

Cultivar evaluation and essential test locations identification for sugarcane breeding in China.

The discrepancies across test sites and years, along with the interaction between cultivar and environment, make it difficult to accurately evaluate the differences of the sugarcane cultivars. Using a genotype main effect plus genotype-environment interaction (GGE) Biplot software, the yield performance data of seven sugarcane cultivars in the 8th Chinese National Sugarcane Regional Tests were analyzed to identify cultivars recommended for commercial release. Fn38 produced a high and stable sugar yield.

Genetic analysis of diversity within a Chinese local sugarcane germplasm based on start codon targeted polymorphism.

In-depth information on sugarcane germplasm is the basis for its conservation and utilization. Data on sugarcane molecular markers are limited for the Chinese sugarcane germplasm collections. In the present study, 20 start codon targeted (SCoT) marker primers were designed to assess the genetic diversity among 107 sugarcane accessions within a local sugarcane germplasm collection.

Biogeographical variation and population genetic structure of Sporisorium scitamineum in Mainland China: insights from ISSR and SP-SRAP markers.

A total of 100 Sporisorium scitamineum isolates were investigated by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and single primer-sequence related amplified polymorphism (SP-SRAP) markers. These isolates were clearly assorted into three distinct clusters regardless of method used: either cluster analysis or by principal component analysis (PCA) of the ISSR, SP-SRAP, or ISSR + SP-SRAP data set. The total gene diversity (H t) and gene diversity between subpopulations (H s) were estimated to be 0.