Non-interferometric measurement method for spherical lens surface profile via multiplane accelerated Wirtinger flow.

Spherical lenses are ubiquitously employed optical elements, and their surface profile errors can introduce significant negative impact on transmitted wavefront quality. Within the metrology of precision optical components, interferometry remains the gold standard for surface characterization. However, the interferometry necessitates sophisticated optical configurations that demonstrate susceptibility to environmental factors, coupled with the requirement for high precision reference mirrors corresponding to specific F-numbers of spherical lenses.

Applications of COFs and Their Derivatives in Photocatalysis for Energy Production and Harmful Substance Degradation.

Photocatalytic technology has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its significant potential in environmental protection and energy conversion. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a novel class of porous materials, demonstrate remarkable photocatalytic performance owing to their high surface areas, tunable pore sizes, permanent porosities, and customizable functionalities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the application of COFs in photocatalysis.

Modulating the Coordination Environment of Atomically Dispersed Nickel for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO Reduction at Low Overpotentials and Industrial Current Densities.

Electrocatalytic CO-to-CO conversion with a high CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) at low overpotentials and industrial-level current densities is highly desirable but a huge challenge over non-noble metal catalysts. Herein, graphitic N-rich porous carbons supporting atomically dispersed nickel (NiN-O sites with an axial oxygen) were synthesized (denoted as O-Ni-N-GC) and applied as the cathode catalyst in a CORR flow cell. O-Ni-N-GC showed excellent selectivity with a FE over 92% at low overpotentials ranging from 17 to 60 mV, and over 99% at 80 mV.

Secondary metal ion-induced electrochemical reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) solids.

Recent studies have shown that aqueous U(VI) ions can be transformed into U(VI) precipitates through electrocatalytic redox reactions for uranium recovery. However, there have been no reports of U(IV) solids, such as UO, using electrochemical methods under ambient conditions since low-valence states of uranium are typically oxidized to U(VI) by O or HO. Here we developed a secondary metal ion-induced strategy for electrocatalytic production of U(IV) solids from U(VI) solutions using a catalyst consisting of atomically dispersed gallium on hollow nitrogen-doped carbon capsules (Ga-N-C).

Single-Molecule Traps in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective Capture of CH from CH-Rich Gas Mixtures.

Removing trace amounts of acetylene (CH) from ethylene (CH)-rich gas mixtures is vital for the supply of high-purity CH to the chemical industry and plastics sector. However, selective removal of CH is challenging due to the similar physical and chemical properties of CH and CH. Here, we report a "single-molecule trap" strategy that utilizes electrostatic interactions between the one-dimensional (1D) channel of a covalent organic framework (denoted as COF-1) and CH molecules to massively enhance the adsorption selectivity toward CH over CH.

Palladium(II) Modulation Enhances the Water Stability and Aqueous TcO/ReO Removal Performance of Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Improving the water stability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is essential for their use in water pollution treatment and environmental remediation, though it remains technically challenging. Herein, we report a novel cationic MOF constructed with [ThO(OH)(COO)] units and [CoN·Cl] units possessing a ftw-type topology (denoted as ). itself exhibited poor water stability but excellent stability following a palladium(II) modulation strategy.

Engineering the pore environment of antiparallel stacked covalent organic frameworks for capture of iodine pollutants.

Radioiodine capture from nuclear fuel waste and contaminated water sources is of enormous environmental importance, but remains technically challenging. Herein, we demonstrate robust covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with antiparallel stacked structures, excellent radiation resistance, and high binding affinities toward I, CHI, and I under various conditions. A neutral framework (ACOF-1) achieves a high affinity through the cooperative functions of pyridine-N and hydrazine groups from antiparallel stacking layers, resulting in a high capacity of ~2.

A family case report of parathyroid carcinoma associated with mutation in hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome.

Background: Hereditary primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) accounts for 5-10% of all PHPT cases, necessitating genetic testing for diagnosis and management. Among these, hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations with variable clinical presentations and incomplete symptoms.

Case Summary: The proband, diagnosed with PHPT, underwent parathyroidectomy at the age of 41 with pathological examination of parathyroid carcinoma (PC).

Pore Space Partition Synthetic Strategy in Imine-linked Multivariate Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Partitioning the pores of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is an attractive strategy for introducing microporosity and achieving new functionality, but it is technically challenging to achieve. Herein, we report a simple strategy for partitioning the micropores/mesopores of multivariate COFs. Our approach relies on the predesign and synthesis of multicomponent COFs through imine condensation reactions with aldehyde groups anchored in the COF pores, followed by inserting additional symmetric building blocks (with or symmetries) as pore partition agents.

Functional Carbon Capsules Supporting Ruthenium Nanoclusters for Efficient Electrocatalytic TcO /ReO Removal from Acidic and Alkaline Nuclear Wastes.

The selective removal of the β-emitting pertechnetate ion ( TcO ) from nuclear waste streams is technically challenging. Herein, a practical approach is proposed for the selective removal of TcO (or its surrogate ReO ) under extreme conditions of high acidity, alkalinity, ionic strength, and radiation field. Hollow porous N-doped carbon capsules loaded with ruthenium clusters (Ru@HNCC) are first prepared, then modified with a cationic polymeric network (R) containing imidazolium-N units (Ru@HNCC-R) for selective TcO and ReO binding.

Modulating Anion Nanotraps via Halogenation for High-Efficiency TcO/ReO Removal under Wide-Ranging pH Conditions.

Efficient and sustainable methods for TcO removal from acidic nuclear waste streams, contaminated water, and highly alkaline tank wastes are highly sought after. Herein, we demonstrate that ionic covalent organic polymers (iCOPs) possessing imidazolium-N nanotraps allow the selective adsorption of TcO under wide-ranging pH conditions. In particular, we show that the binding affinity of the cationic nanotraps toward TcO can be modulated by tuning the local environment around the nanotraps through a halogenation strategy, thereby enabling universal pH TcO removal.

Tuning Local Charge Distribution in Multicomponent Covalent Organic Frameworks for Dramatically Enhanced Photocatalytic Uranium Extraction.

Optimizing the electronic structure of covalent organic framework (COF) photocatalysts is essential for maximizing photocatalytic activity. Herein, we report an isoreticular family of multivariate COFs containing chromenoquinoline rings in the COF structure and electron-donating or withdrawing groups in the pores. Intramolecular donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions in the COFs allowed tuning of local charge distributions and charge carrier separation under visible light irradiation, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance.

Tuning excited state electronic structure and charge transport in covalent organic frameworks for enhanced photocatalytic performance.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an emerging class of organic photocatalysts. However, their complicated structures lead to indeterminacy about photocatalytic active sites and reaction mechanisms. Herein, we use reticular chemistry to construct a family of isoreticular crystalline hydrazide-based COF photocatalysts, with the optoelectronic properties and local pore characteristics of the COFs modulated using different linkers.

Modulating Uranium Extraction Performance of Multivariate Covalent Organic Frameworks through Donor-Acceptor Linkers and Amidoxime Nanotraps.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be designed to allow uranium extraction from seawater by incorporating photocatalytic linkers. However, often sacrificial reagents are required for separating photogenerated charges which limits their practical applications. Herein, we present a COF-based adsorption-photocatalysis strategy for selective removal of uranyl from seawater in the absence of sacrificial reagents.

Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Uranium Extraction from Seawater over an Amidoxime-Functionalized In-N-C Catalyst.

Seawater contains uranium at a concentration of ≈3.3 ppb, thus representing a rich and sustainable nuclear fuel source. Herein, an adsorption-electrocatalytic platform is developed for uranium extraction from seawater, comprising atomically dispersed indium anchored on hollow nitrogen-doped carbon capsules functionalized with flexible amidoxime moieties (In-N -C-R, where R denotes amidoxime groups).

Functionalized Iron-Nitrogen-Carbon Electrocatalyst Provides a Reversible Electron Transfer Platform for Efficient Uranium Extraction from Seawater.

Uranium extraction from seawater provides an opportunity for sustainable fuel supply to nuclear power plants. Herein, an adsorption-electrocatalysis strategy is demonstrated for efficient uranium extraction from seawater using a functionalized iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe-N -C-R) catalyst, comprising N-doped carbon capsules supporting FeN single-atom sites and surface chelating amidoxime groups (R). The amidoxime groups bring hydrophilicity to the adsorbent and offer surface-specific binding sites for UO capture.

Surfactant-assisted adsorption of uranyl ions in aqueous solution on TiO/polythiophene nanocomposite.

In this work, hexadecyltrimethylammonium-bromide (HTAB)-modified polythiophene (PTh)/TiO nanocomposite (HTAB/PTh/TiO) was applied to remove uranyl ions (UO). FT-IR, XRD, ζ potential, TGA, SEM, and XPS were utilized to obtain the chemical and physical properties of HTAB/PTh/TiO. The effects of HTAB content, preparation temperature, and adsorption conditions on UO removal were investigated comprehensively.

Knockdown of IRE1ɑ suppresses metastatic potential of colon cancer cells through inhibiting FN1-Src/FAK-GTPases signaling.

The inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transmembrane protein and senses cellular unfolded/misfolded proteins. Upon activation, IRE1α removes a 26-bp nucleotide from the mRNA encoding X-box binding protein (XBP) 1 to generate a spliced active form of this transcription factor (XBP1s). Though IRE1α is implicated in development of cancer, the role and underlying mechanism remain unclear.

Prolyl hydroxylase 2 is dispensable for homeostasis of intestinal epithelium in mice.

Prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1-3) hydroxylate hypoxia inducible factor α (HIFα), leading to HIFα ubiquitination and degradation. Recent studies indicated that administration of generic inhibitors of PHDs improved mice colitis, suggesting that suppression of PHD activity by these inhibitors may be a potential strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the exact role of each member of PHD family in homeostasis of intestinal epithelium remains elusive.

[A relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 expression and tumor angiogenesis in experimental rat liver carcinogenesis].

Objective: To explore the relationship between the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a model group (30 rats) and a normal group (10 rats). Hepatocellular carcinoma was induced with 0.