Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote A2 Phenotype Polarization in Astrocytes via TGF-β-Mediated PI3K/Akt Pathway Activation.

In the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI), excessive and persistent neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the development of the condition. Despite significant advances in modern medicine, there remains a lack of definitive treatments that can fully restore neurological function in patients with SCI. Research has demonstrated that A2-reactive astrocytes are beneficial for the recovery of neurological function following SCI.

The immunological pathogenesis of vitiligo and the potential role of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in its treatment.

Vitiligo is a dermatological condition that affects millions of individuals globally and is frequently precipitated by damage to or dysfunction of melanocytes. Despite the availability of various therapeutic options, the management of vitiligo remains a significant challenge, underscoring the necessity for innovative treatment approaches. Currently, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have gained prominence as a therapeutic modality in the research of numerous diseases, owing to their remarkable paracrine effects, making them a promising strategy for immunomodulation and tissue repair.

Exercise-induced irisin ameliorates cognitive impairment following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by suppressing neuroinflammation and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.

Background: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a pathophysiological hallmark of vascular dementia, the second most common form of dementia. CCH exerts complex and subtle detrimental effects on both the brain and peripheral systems. Irisin is a polypeptide primarily expressed in contracting skeletal muscle and the brain.

Multi-Target Mechanism of Compound Qingdai Capsule for Treatment of Psoriasis: Multi-Omics Analysis and Experimental Verification.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease affected by genetic and autoimmunity. The traditional Chinese medicine, Compound Qingdai Capsule (CQC), has shown potential benefits in treating psoriasis in clinical settings. Despite its efficacy, the molecular mechanisms underpinning its therapeutic action remain unclear.

Predictors of postoperative epileptic seizures after microsurgical treatment in supratentorial single cerebral cavernous malformations: a retrospective study.

Purpose: Seizures are the most common symptom of supratentorial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). This study aimed to investigate the predictors of seizure freedom in patients with single supratentorial CCMs after microsurgical treatment.

Methods: Clinical data were retrospectively obtained from 164 patients with CCM (including 98 patients with preoperative seizures, and 66 patients without preoperative seizures) who underwent microsurgical treatment between January 2016 and December 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.

Effect of litters from and on the growth of . seedlings.

We conducted a pot experiment to examine the effects of different proportions (CK: no litter; HL: 10 g; HL: . 7 g + 3 g; HL: . 5 g + .

Advances in the Research of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Maxillofacial Neurological Disorders and the Promotion of Facial Nerve Regeneration.

Maxillofacial neurological disorders include a range of disorders affecting the cranial nerves, which can be caused by a variety of reasons, including infection, trauma, tumor, and surgical complications, resulting in severe dysfunction, and the study of new approaches for the treatment of these disorders is crucial for the restoration of sensory and motor functions of the face. In recent years, due to the excellent tissue regenerative ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), research on MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes has been progressively deepened, bringing many new perspectives to the therapeutic strategies for many diseases. Facial nerve regeneration is a complex process involving various pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to restore nerve function after injury.

Fine-tuning gibberellin improves rice alkali-thermal tolerance and yield.

Soil alkalinization and global warming are predicted to pose major challenges to agriculture in the future, as they continue to accelerate, markedly reducing global arable land and crop yields. Therefore, strategies for future agriculture are needed to further improve globally cultivated, relatively high-yielding Green Revolution varieties (GRVs) derived from the SEMIDWARF 1 (SD1) gene. Here we propose that precise regulation of the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) to optimal levels is the key to not only confer alkali-thermal tolerance to GRVs, but also to further enhance their yield.

Advances in the research of immunomodulatory mechanism of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells on periodontal tissue regeneration.

Periodontal disease is a highly prevalent disease worldwide that seriously affects people's oral health, including gingivitis and periodontitis. Although the current treatment of periodontal disease can achieve good control of inflammation, it is difficult to regenerate the periodontal supporting tissues to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic effect. In recent years, due to the good tissue regeneration ability, the research on Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived exosomes has been gradually deepened, especially its ability to interact with the microenvironment of the body in the complex immunoregulatory network, which has led to many new perspectives on the therapeutic strategies for many diseases.

Near-Wall Slow Flow Contributes to Wall Enhancement of Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysms on Vessel Wall MRI.

The mechanism of aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) in middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysms on vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (VW-MRI) remains unclear. We aimed to explore the morphologically related hemodynamic mechanism for the AWE of MCA bifurcation aneurysms. Patients with unruptured MCA bifurcation aneurysms undergoing VW-MRI were enrolled.

A QTL GN1.1, encoding FT-L1, regulates grain number and yield by modulating polar auxin transport in rice.

Rice grain number is a crucial agronomic trait impacting yield. In this study, we characterized a quantitative trait locus (QTL), GRAIN NUMBER 1.1 (GN1.

A novel embedded KVO/NC anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.

Vanadium-based metallic salts, characterized by their intrinsic low electronic conductivity, are impeding their advancement as anode materials in the realm of lithium-ion battery technology. This study presents a novel embedded anode material KVO/NC (KVO/NC) synthesized via a sol-gel method, with KVO (KVO) particles in situ growing on N-doped carbon, thereby ameliorating conductivity and electrochemical performance. The findings reveal that KVO/NC composite has three lithium-ion storage sites, ultra-high cycling stability (289 mA h/g@5000 cycles@10 C@100 %), and superior rate performance (249 mA h/g@15 C; 221 mA h/g@20 C).

Mapping cell diversity in human sporadic cerebral cavernous malformations.

Background: Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a low-flow, bleeding-prone vascular disease that can cause cerebral hemorrhage, seizure and neurological deficits. Its inheritance mode includes sporadic or autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance, namely sporadic CCM (SCCM) and familial CCM. SCCM is featured by single lesion and single affection in a family.

Dilute Aqueous-Aprotic Electrolyte Towards Robust Zn-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor with High Operation Voltage and Long Lifespan.

With the merits of the high energy density of batteries and power density of supercapacitors, the aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors emerge as a promising candidate for applications where both rapid energy delivery and moderate energy storage are required. However, the narrow electrochemical window of aqueous electrolytes induces severe side reactions on the Zn metal anode and shortens its lifespan. It also limits the operation voltage and energy density of the Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors.

Screening Efficient C-N Coupling Catalysts for Electrosynthesis of Acetamide and Output Ammonia through a Cascade Strategy of Electrochemical CO and N Reduction Using Cu-Based Nitrogen-Carbon Nanosheets.

Due to the limitation of the high-value-added products obtained from electrocatalytic CO reduction within an acid environment, introducing additional elements can expand the diversity of the products obtained during the CO reduction reaction (CORR) and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Thus, coelectroreduction of CO and N is a new strategy for producing acetamide (CHCONH) via both C-C and C-N bond coupling using Cu-based nitrogen-carbon nanosheets. CO can reduce to CO, and a key ketene (*C═C═O) can be generated from *CO*CO dimerization; this ketene is postulated as an intermediate in the formation of acetamide.

Augmented reality technology shortens aneurysm surgery learning curve for residents.

Objectives: We aimed to prospectively investigate the benefit of using augmented reality (AR) for surgery residents learning aneurysm surgery.

Materials And Methods: Eight residents were included, and divided into an AR group and a control group (4 in each group). Both groups were asked to locate an aneurysm with a blue circle on the same screenshot after their viewing of surgery videos from both AR and non-AR tests.

Dysfunction of duplicated pair rice histone acetyltransferases causes segregation distortion and an interspecific reproductive barrier.

Postzygotic reproductive isolation, which results in the irreversible divergence of species, is commonly accompanied by hybrid sterility, necrosis/weakness, or lethality in the F or other offspring generations. Here we show that the loss of function of HWS1 and HWS2, a couple of duplicated paralogs, together confer complete interspecific incompatibility between Asian and African rice. Both of these non-Mendelian determinants encode the putative Esa1-associated factor 6 (EAF6) protein, which functions as a characteristic subunit of the histone H4 acetyltransferase complex regulating transcriptional activation via genome-wide histone modification.

Safety and efficacy of the flow diverter device for treating middle cerebral artery aneurysms of the proximal (M1) segment related to the lenticulostriate arteries: A single-center experience.

Background: Experience using flow diverter devices (FDDs) to treat proximal (M1) middle cerebral artery aneurysms associated with the lenticulostriate artery (M1A-LA) remains limited. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of an FDD to manage M1A-LA.

Method: Patients with M1A-LA who received FDD treatment at a single center were included in the analysis.

Advances on Axial Coordination Design of Single-Atom Catalysts for Energy Electrocatalysis: A Review.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have garnered increasingly growing attention in renewable energy scenarios, especially in electrocatalysis due to their unique high efficiency of atom utilization and flexible electronic structure adjustability. The intensive efforts towards the rational design and synthesis of SACs with versatile local configurations have significantly accelerated the development of efficient and sustainable electrocatalysts for a wide range of electrochemical applications. As an emergent coordination avenue, intentionally breaking the planar symmetry of SACs by adding ligands in the axial direction of metal single atoms offers a novel approach for the tuning of both geometric and electronic structures, thereby enhancing electrocatalytic performance at active sites.

SAD score of intracranial aneurysms for rupture risk assessment based on high-resolution vessel wall imaging.

Objective: We aimed to develop a comprehensive model that integrates the radiological, morphological, and clinical factors to assess rupture risk for intracranial aneurysms.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with intracranial saccular aneurysms who underwent high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) preoperatively. Clinical characteristics, aneurysm features and aneurysm wall enhancement scale (AWES) were recorded.