Gamma-tocopherol vitamin E enhances the cytotoxicity of p-cresyl sulfate to renal tubular cells.

Background: The protein-bound uremic toxins p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are commonly found at elevated levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and can promote oxidative stress leading to the progression of renal disease. However, whether PCS or IS can directly cause renal-cell damage remains unknown. Vitamin E is comprised of eight major forms, one of which (gamma-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol) is commonly found in various cooking oils such as corn oil and soybean oil.

Binding of Chinese quince oligomeric proanthocyanidins with different structures to sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein in chicken: Role of conformational changes and heterocyclic amine inhibition.

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) bound to proteins affected the inhibitory effect of heterocyclic amines (HCAs). This study evaluated how different structural PAs (catechin, CAT, and epicatechin gallate, ECG) interacted with sarcoplasmic (SP) and myofibrillar protein (MP), and how PA-protein complexes inhibited HCAs. The binding rate of ECG-protein complexes was higher than CAT-protein complexes.

Improving AI object detection in fire scenes through data augmentation.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been widely used to facilitate disaster response. By connecting cameras to AI software, it can help determine the number of firefighters and apparatus, enhancing efficiency on the fireground. However, we must overcome several challenges to effectively utilize AI in firefighting.

Myocardial fibrosis in primary aldosteronism.

Objective: We investigated myocardial fibrosis in relation to clinical and biochemical characteristics and the metabolomics in patients with primary aldosteronism.

Methods: Our study included 54 patients with primary aldosteronism. We performed cardiac magnetic resonance to evaluate focal replacement myocardial fibrosis defined as late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and diffuse interstitial fibrosis as assessed by extracellular volume (ECV) with T1 mapping.

The association between life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and common comorbid disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to investigate the associations among life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and common comorbid disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. This combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study pooled national-level data from the 2021 Health and Retirement Study Perspectives on the Pandemic in the United States and the Big Data Drove Mental Health study in China. A total of 2,036 participants were included in this cross-sectional study conducted from July 2020 to August 2022.

Characteristic profiling of CHO-cell expressed MERS-CoV RBD-Fc.

The ongoing circulation of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in camels across Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, along with its occasional transmission to humans, demonstrates a need for a MERS vaccine. Previously, we have reported a receptor binding domain (RBD) of MERS-CoV fused with human Fc as a promising vaccine antigen (MERS-CoV RBD-Fc). We generated a stable recombinant CHO cell line expressing such a protein and developed a basic production process suitable for future technological transfer to pilot-scale manufacture.

Characterization, antibacterial property, biocompatibility, and optimization of novel composite nanofibers incorporating curcumin-loaded flexible nano-liposomes.

Novel composite nanofibers incorporating curcumin-loaded flexible nano-liposomes (CLFN-liposomes) were developed for applications in tissue engineering, dressings, and drug delivery and release systems in this research. The preparation of CLFN-liposomes for curcumin encapsulation through the ethanol injection method was explored through a factorial experimental design. The optimal conditions for CLFN-liposomes/polycaprolactone composite nanofiber (CLFN-liposomes/PCL) were explored using the Taguchi method, emphasizing the addition of PCL, operational voltage, and flow rate.

Effectiveness of Individual-Based Strategies to Reduce Nurse Burnout: An Umbrella Review.

Aims: This umbrella review aims to comprehensively synthesize and analyze the findings of available systematic reviews on the effectiveness of individual-based strategies for reducing nurse burnout occurring in hospital-based settings.

Methods: Following JBI guidelines, an umbrella review was conducted to integrate the effectiveness of various strategies to reduce burnout. Systematic reviews were searched in the Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, and WOS databases.

Mechanistic insights into the structure-based design of a CspZ-targeting Lyme disease vaccine.

Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) causes Lyme disease (LD), one of the most common vector-borne diseases in the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we solve the crystal structure of a mutated Bb vaccine antigen, CspZ-YA that lacks the ability to bind to host complement factor H (FH). We generate point mutants of CspZ-YA and identify CspZ-YA and CspZ-YA to trigger more robust bactericidal responses.

A review of recent advances in tissue engineering scaffolds for meniscus repair.

The meniscus, a critical load-bearing structure between the femur and the tibia, plays a key role in the functioning of the knee joint by distributing mechanical stress and minimizing friction. A brief overview of the anatomical characteristics and biomechanical functions of the meniscus is provided in this review, followed by a discussion of recent developments in tissue engineering scaffolds for meniscus repair over the past five years. The classification of scaffolds is based on the materials with an analysis of their respective advantages and limitations.

Association between social cognition, depressive symptoms and resilience among elderly people.

Background: Depression is a serious mental and psychological problem among elderly people. This study aimed to explore the association between social cognition, depressive symptoms and resilience among elderly people living in communities.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in China from January 2022 to August 2024.

Risk Factors for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with Assessment of Anti-Ulcer Medication Effects.

Background: Patients in the coronary care unit (CCU) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and receive dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT) are at an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). The effectiveness of histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in preventing UGIB in this context remains uncertain.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 288 CCU patients undergoing DAPT after PCI, and the incidence of UGIB was assessed at specific timeframes: within 72 hours and beyond 72 hours post catheterization.

Costs of biomarker testing in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a global study comparing next-generation sequencing and single-gene testing.

Current European/US guidelines recommend that molecular testing in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) be performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, the global uptake of NGS is limited, largely owing to reimbursement constraints. We compared real-world costs of NGS and single-gene testing (SGT) in nonsquamous aNSCLC.

Neuronal FAM171A2 mediates α-synuclein fibril uptake and drives Parkinson's disease.

Neuronal accumulation and spread of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils are key events in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the uptake of α-syn fibrils remain unclear. In this work, we identified as a PD risk gene that affects α-syn aggregation.

Effects of exercise and nutrition in improving sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), adversely affecting their quality of life and life expectancy. Exercise and nutrition represent common interventions to ameliorate sarcopenia in these patients, although there exists inconsistency in the reported effectiveness of these strategies. This study seeks to assess the impact of exercise and nutrition on sarcopenia in LC patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nuclear translocation of RON receptor tyrosine kinase. New mechanistic and functional insights.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are membrane sensors that monitor alterations in the extracellular milieu and translate this information into appropriate cellular responses. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the most well-known model in which gene expression is upregulated by mitogenic signals through the activation of multiple signaling cascades or by nuclear translocation of the full-length EGFR protein. RON (Receptuer d'Origine Nantatise, also known as macrophage stimulating 1 receptor, MST1R) has recently gained attention as a therapeutic target for human cancer.

Macrophage STING signaling promotes fibrosis in benign airway stenosis via an IL6-STAT3 pathway.

Acute and chronic inflammation are important pathologies of benign airway stenosis (BAS) fibrosis, which is a frequent complication of critically ill patients. cGAS-STING signalling has an important role in inflammation and fibrosis, yet the function of STING in BAS remains unclear. Here we demonstrate using scRNA sequencing that cGAS‒STING signalling is involved in BAS, which is accompanied by increased dsDNA, expression and activation of STING.

Cost Effectiveness of Exclusionary EGFR Testing for Taiwanese Patients Newly Diagnosed with Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background And Objective: Approximately half of lung adenocarcinomas in East Asia harbor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. EGFR testing followed by tissue-based next-generation sequencing (NGS), upfront tissue-based NGS, and complementary NGS approaches have emerged on the front line to guide personalized therapy. We study the cost effectiveness of exclusionary EGFR testing for Taiwanese patients newly diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

Identifying proteins and pathways associated with multimorbidity in 53,026 adults.

Background And Aims: Multimorbidity, the coexistence of multiple chronic diseases, is a rapidly expanding global health challenge, carrying profound implications for patients, caregivers, healthcare systems, and society. Investigating the determinants and drivers underlying multiple chronic diseases is a priority for disease management and prevention.

Method: This prospective cohort study analyzed data from the 53,026 participants in the UK Biobank from baseline (2006 to 2010) across 13.

Huashi baidu granule alleviates inflammation and lung edema by suppressing the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-N pathway and promoting fluid clearance in a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) model.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Huashi Baidu Granule (HSBDG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is used for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is considered the "COVID-19" for swine. According to the TCM theory, "dampness" is the main pathogenic factor in COVID-19 and PRRS, and "Huashi" means that this formula is good at removing "dampness".

Atlas of the plasma proteome in health and disease in 53,026 adults.

Large-scale proteomics studies can refine our understanding of health and disease and enable precision medicine. Here, we provide a detailed atlas of 2,920 plasma proteins linking to diseases (406 prevalent and 660 incident) and 986 health-related traits in 53,026 individuals (median follow-up: 14.8 years) from the UK Biobank, representing the most comprehensive proteome profiles to date.

Mechanistic insights into structure-based design of a Lyme disease subunit vaccine.

The quality of protective immunity plays a critical role in modulating vaccine efficacy, with native antigens often not able to trigger sufficiently strong immune responses for pathogen killing. This warrants creation of structure-based vaccine design, leveraging high-resolution antigen structures for mutagenesis to improve protein stability and efficient immunization strategies. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying structure-based vaccine design using CspZ-YA, a vaccine antigen from , the bacteria causing Lyme disease (LD), the most common vector-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere.