Recommended practices for vision screening in pre-school-age children: A 2025 update.

Significance: Despite significant evidence supporting the utility of vision screening for identifying children who need further evaluation by an eye care professional, there is considerable variability in screening guidelines along with a lack of consensus for monitoring and reporting outcomes. This article provides updated vision screening recommendations for pre-school-age children (aged 3 to <6 years) in the United States.

Purpose: The goal of vision screening programs is to identify, refer, and help ensure eye examinations for children who may have vision disorders, such as significant uncorrected refractive errors, amblyopia, strabismus, reduced visual acuity, and other vision and eye health problems.

Performance comparison of quantitative and qualitative fecal immunochemical tests in community-based colorectal cancer screening.

Background And Aims: The quantitative fecal immunochemical test (qnFIT) provides details of hemoglobin concentration, allowing for the adjustment of the positivity threshold to align with specific colorectal cancer (CRC) screening objectives. However, the superiority of qnFIT over qualitative fecal immunochemical test (qlFIT) extensively utilized throughout China is not thoroughly investigated.

Methods: 7097 residents were enrolled for the project, of which 5841 participants aged 50-74-year-old completed both qlFIT and qnFIT.

Development and implementation of cancer clinical trial patient screening using an electronic medical record-integrated trial matching system.

Objectives: Clinical trial enrolment is critical for the development and approval of novel cancer therapeutics, but patient identification and recruitment to clinical trials remains low and multiple trials accrue slowly or fail to meet accrual goals. Informatics solutions may facilitate clinical trial screening, ideally improving patient engagement and enrolment. Our objective is to develop and implement a system to efficiently screen queried patients for available clinical trials.

A bibliometric analysis of research on chondrocyte apoptosis in osteoarthritis from 2009 to 2025 based on citespace and VOSviewer.

Background: Cell apoptosis is a prominent research area in the field of osteoarthritis. However, comprehensive bibliometric analyses systematically evaluating the current state of research in this field are scarce. This study reviews the existing literature on apoptosis in osteoarthritis and identifies global research hotspots to locate future research trends in this field.

Meibomian gland characteristics in children: A narrative review.

Purpose: Despite extensive research on meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in adults, studies on paediatric populations remain limited. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the morphological characteristics of meibomian glands (MGs) in healthy children, focusing on identifying baseline features and factors influencing gland structure and function. Understanding these characteristics is critical for early detection of MGD, which can lead to ocular surface disorders such as dry eye disease (DED).

A Binuclear Zn(II) Complex Giving A Large Fluorescent Response Upon Binding PPi Anion.

A binuclear Zn(II)-Zn(II) complex 2b-Zn from a macrocyclic ligand 2b has been shown to be stable in an aqueous solution, exhibiting absorption (λ ≈ 367 nm) and weak blue fluorescence (λ ≈ 424 nm). The weak fluorescence intensity of the zinc complex could be dramatically increased when the solution was cooled. Upon addition of pyrophosphate ion (PPi), the resulting product gave a large bathochromic shift in both absorption (Δλ by ~ 57 nm) and fluorescence (Δλ by ~ 106 nm).

PRMT1-catalyzed NUSAP1 methylation enhances Notch2 signaling and 5-FU resistance in gastric cancer.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance remains a significant challenge in the treatment of gastric cancer, limiting its clinical efficacy. Our study identifies NUSAP1, a nucleolar and spindle-associated protein, as a key driver of 5-FU resistance in gastric cancer. Proteomic analyses of 5-FU-resistant gastric cancer cell lines revealed that NUSAP1 is significantly upregulated, and functional studies demonstrated its essential role in promoting resistance, proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth.

Deprotonation-Induced Large Fluorescence Turn ON in a 2,4-Bis(benzo[]thiazol-2-yl)phenol (HBT-BT) Derivative.

2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) is an interesting candidate that has been used to develop fluorescent probes with large Stokes' shifts (Δλ > 100 nm) by utilizing excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). The efficiency of the ESIPT process in HBT is dependent on the acidity of the central phenolic group. The possible deprotonation of the form of HBT (PhOH → PhO + H) can generate form in solution that exhibits a noticeable hypsochromic effect in emission (λ ≈ 475).

Functional consequences of amblyopia and its impact on health-related quality of life.

Amblyopia (lazy eye) is the most common cause of monocular vision loss, affecting up to 4% of children and often persisting into adulthood. While treating the visual acuity deficit is often the focus of treatment, there is a pressing need for researchers, educators, and clinicians to understand the effects of amblyopia that extend beyond visual acuity. This review article highlights recent advances in understanding the impact of amblyopia on everyday life functioning.

Global landscape and trends in lifetime risks of haematologic malignancies in 185 countries: population-based estimates from GLOBOCAN 2022.

Background: Haematologic malignancies accounted for 6.6% of total cancer cases and 7.2% of total cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2022.

The prevalence of dry eye disease symptoms and its association with screen time in young adults aged 21-30 years.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between dry eye disease (DED) symptoms and academic performance in young adults aged 21-30 years, as well as to determine the relationship between screen time and DED symptoms.

Methods: A total of 454 young adults, between 21 and 30 years of age, were initially enrolled in the study. Data collected included age, sex, grade point average (GPA), hours of contact lens wear, degree of compliance with the 20-20-20 rule, response to the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, as well as screen time for studying and engaging in social media activities.

Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) Cultures with Mixed Neural Cell Types to Study Correlative Effects of High Glucocorticoids on Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, and Myelination Markers.

Dissociated glial and neuronal precursors from the spinal cord or cerebral cortex of late rat embryos are cultured on top of glass coverslips to ascertain the in vitro effects of high glucocorticoid levels on the process of myelination and on astrocyte markers during postnatal development and determine the dependence of those effects on glucocorticoid receptor activation. The study includes the immunohistochemical processing of culture-carrying coverslips with antibodies to astrocytic, neuronal, oligodendroglial, and myelin proteins to determine changes in those markers after glucocorticoid treatment. In addition, we describe oligodendrocyte-astrocyte cultures from neonatal embryos to determine the effects of high glucocorticoids on the morphology of oligodendrocytes in the absence of developing neurons.

Narrow Bandgap Perovskite Enabled by Heterovalent Co-Doping for Visible-NIR Light Photocatalytic CO Reduction.

Metal halide perovskites have garnered significant attention due to their vast potential in various optoelectronic applications. While their tunable bandgap properties allow for light absorption across the ultraviolet and much of the visible spectrum, the coverage in the near-infrared (NIR) region remains limited. Here, we demonstrate a heterovalent co-doping method for synthesizing Ag and Bi doped CsSnBr crystals with absorption edge up to 1300 nm, making it one of the narrowest bandgap perovskite materials.

Fluorescence of 2-Hydroxy Chalcone Analogs with Extended Conjugation: ESIPT vs. ICT Pathways.

The chalcone derivatives with hydroxy group () have been examined using low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy. The study aimed to freeze the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) motion in order to reveal the potential hidden transition(s) that are difficult to observe at room temperature. Although chalcone revealed one emission peak at ~667 nm at room temperature, it exhibited two emission peaks (λ = 580 and 636 nm) in EtOH at liquid N temperatures (77 K).

Exploring Imaging Applications of a Red-Emitting π-Acceptor (π-A) Pyrene-Benzothiazolium Dye.

Bright biocompatible fluorescent imaging dyes with red to near-infrared (NIR) emissions are ideal candidates for fluorescence microscopy applications. Pyrene-benzothiazolium hemicyanine dyes are a new class of lysosome-specific probes reported on recently. In this work, we conduct a detailed implementation study for a pyrene-benzothiazolium derivative, BTP, to explore its potential imaging applications in fluorescence microscopy.

Survey Results on the Awareness of Laboratory Animal Welfare among Medical Graduate Students.

To investigate the knowledge and attitudes of medical graduate students regarding laboratory animal welfare, a survey was conducted on 288 medical graduate students from the 2019 to 2023 cohorts through the final exam of the compulsory course 'Medical Laboratory Animal Science.' The survey included both closed and open-ended questions. We calculated the awareness rate from the cumulative student score/maximum score based on the questions and scoring rubrics.

Early Postnatal Neuroinflammation Produces Key Features of Diffuse Brain White Matter Injury in Rats.

Background: Perinatal infection is a major risk factor for diffuse white matter injury (dWMI), which remains the most common form of neurological disability among very preterm infants. The disease primarily targets oligodendrocytes (OL) lineage cells in the white matter but also involves injury and/or dysmaturation of neurons of the gray matter. This study aimed to investigate whether neuroinflammation preferentially affects the cellular compositions of the white matter or gray matter.

Genomes of autotetraploid wild and cultivated Ziziphus mauritiana reveal polyploid evolution and crop domestication.

Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) holds a prominent position in the global fruit and pharmaceutical markets. Here, we report the assemblies of haplotype-resolved, telomere-to-telomere genomes of autotetraploid wild and cultivated Indian jujube plants using a 2-stage assembly strategy. The generation of these genomes permitted in-depth investigations into the divergence and evolutionary history of this important fruit crop.

Longitudinal refractive errors over 36 months in Hispanic and Black children.

Significance: This study brings awareness of racial/ethnic difference of refractive error characteristics in clinics.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess longitudinal change in refractive errors over a 36-month period in Hispanic and Black children.

Methods: Children (2.

The interaction effect between BMI, diabetes and age at diabetes onset on the risk of thyroid cancer: A population-based cohort study in Shanghai, China.

Aim: To determine the association of the presence of diabetes and, among persons with diabetes, the age at type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset, BMI and the interactive effect with the subsequent thyroid cancer risk.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a population register-based longitudinal cohort study in Shanghai, including 428 568 persons with new-onset T2DM matched with the general population. The risk of thyroid cancer among subgroups was calculated based on standardized incidence ratio (SIR), hazard ratio (HR) and Cox proportional hazards models.

Body mass index, diet, and outdoor activity linked with meibomian gland abnormalities in children.

Significance: Dry eye disease is frequently underdiagnosed in pediatric patients. Meibomian gland morphology abnormalities (atrophy and tortuosity) may be associated with dry eye. This study examined risk factors for gland morphology abnormalities in children.

A novel colorectal cancer screening framework with feature interpretability to identify high-risk populations for colonoscopy.

Background And Aim: Risk assessment is of paramount importance for the detection and treatment of colorectal cancer. We developed and validated a feature interpretability screening framework to identify high-risk populations and recommend colonoscopy for them.

Methods: We utilized a training cohort consisting of 1 252 605 participants who underwent colonoscopies in Shanghai from 2013 to 2015 to develop the screening framework.

Safety and Efficacy of the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavaria Nordic Vaccine Against Mpox in the Real World: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In May 2022, mpox began to spread worldwide, posing a serious threat to human public health. Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavaria Nordic (MVA-BN) is a live attenuated orthopoxvirus vaccine that has been authorized by the U.S.