Large-Scale Profiling of Coding and Long Noncoding Transcriptomes in the Hippocampus of Mice Acutely Exposed to Vaporized CBD or THC.

Cannabis vaping, particularly involving cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), rapidly delivers highly concentrated cannabinoids to the brain, potentially affecting the hippocampus. This study examined differential expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in the hippocampus after acute exposure to vaporized CBD or THC. Male ICR mice were exposed to vaporized CBD or THC (50 mg, n = 5/group), and hippocampal tissues were collected at 1, 3, and 14 days post-exposure.

Increase of α-Synuclein in the Peripheral Blood of Subjects with Methamphetamine Use Disorder.

Objective: Methamphetamine (MA) use has created significant public health problems worldwide. Its chronic abuse causes neurotoxicity resulting in disruption of neural plasticity and early onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, there is need for a biomarker to evaluate the neurotoxicity caused by MA.

Treatment of Premature Ovarian Failure Mouse Model Using Granulosa-Like Cells Derived from Wharton's Jelly-Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a significant reproductive disorder characterized by the loss of ovarian function, leading to infertility and endocrine disruption. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) remains the most commonly used clinical treatment for POF. However, in patients with a history of ovarian or breast cancer, HRT poses significant risks, necessitating the development of alternative approaches.

JAK3-deficient mini-pigs exhibit impaired lymphoid organogenesis, intestinal structure, and leukocyte/cytokine production.

Introduction: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mini-pigs are a highly versatile model for human disease research and regenerative medicine.

Objectives: This study aims to generate a novel JAK3-deficient mini-pig model with a human-like immune system and to elucidate how JAK3 plays an important role in immune system.

Methods: JAK3 and RAG2 knockout (KO) mini-pigs were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer.

Trichostatin A-Induced Epigenetic Modifications and Their Influence on the Development of Porcine Cloned Embryos Derived from Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Abnormal epigenetic reprogramming of nuclear-transferred (NT) embryos leads to the limited efficiency of producing cloned animals. Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, improves NT embryo development, but its role in histone acetylation in porcine embryos cloned with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is not fully understood. This study aimed to compare the effects of TSA on embryo development, histone acetylation patterns, and key epigenetic-related genes between in vitro fertilization (IVF), NT-MSC, and 40 nM TSA-treated NT-MSC (T-NT-MSC).

Assessment of liability to substance use disorder induced by two emerging stimulants, 4,4'-dimethylaminorex and escaline, in mice.

The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) poses a serious global health threat. Although various groups of psychostimulants exist, this study specifically investigated two lesser-studied substances, 4,4'-dimethylaminorex (4,4'-DMAR) and escaline. To assess liability to substance use disorder (SUD), as evidenced via preclinical models, of the two psychostimulants.

Histological and Molecular Biological Changes in Canine Skin Following Acute Radiation Therapy-Induced Skin Injury.

Radiation therapy is a crucial cancer treatment, but it can damage healthy tissues, leading to side effects like skin injuries and molecular alterations. This study aimed to elucidate histological and molecular changes in canine skin post-radiation therapy (post-RT) over nine weeks, focusing on inflammation, stem cell activity, angiogenesis, keratinocyte regeneration, and apoptosis. Four male beagles received a cumulative radiation dose of 48 Gy, followed by clinical observations, histological examinations, and an RT-qPCR analysis of skin biopsies.

Comparative Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Characteristics of Two Major Species from Poultry Slaughterhouses in South Korea.

The spread of antibiotic-resistant in the poultry industry poses significant public health challenges due to multidrug resistance and biofilm formation. We investigated the antibiotic resistance profiles and biofilm characteristics of and isolates from chicken meat in poultry slaughterhouses in South Korea. Ninety-six isolates (forty-eight each of and ) were collected between March and September 2022.

Chlorogenic acid regulates the expression of protein phosphatase 2A subunit B in the cerebral cortex of a rat stroke model and glutamate-exposed neurons.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a serious neurological disorder caused by blockages in cerebral artery. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a phosphatase that performs a critical role in cell signaling and growth. PP2A subunit B acts as a neuroprotective agent in the nerve system.

Genetic Characterization and Phylogeographic Analysis of the First H13N6 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Vega Gull in South Korea.

Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a pathogen with zoonotic and pandemic potential. Migratory birds are natural reservoirs of all known subtypes of AIVs, except for H17N10 and H18N11, and they have been implicated in previous highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks worldwide. This study identified and characterized the first isolate of the H13N6 subtype from a Vega gull () in South Korea.

Modulation of thioredoxin by chlorogenic acid in an ischemic stroke model and glutamate-exposed neurons.

Ischemic stroke increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can eventually lead to neuronal death. Thioredoxin is a small reductase protein that acts as an eliminator of ROS and protects neurons from brain damage. Chlorogenic acid is known as a phenolic compound that has a neuroprotective effect.

Establishment of the Maximum Residual Limit in the Milk of Dairy Cows Injected Intramuscularly with Prednisolone.

We measured the levels of prednisolone (PSL) residues in milk of intramuscularly dosed dairy cows and established a withdrawal time (WT) of PSL in milk. Eight healthy Holstein cows were injected with 10 (PSL-1) or 20 (PSL-2) mL of 10 mg/mL of PSL, and then, their milk was sampled at 12 h intervals for five days. PSL residue concentrations in milk were determined using LC-MS/MS.

Expression of the melatonergic system during meiotic maturation of cynomolgus monkey cumulus-oocyte complexes.

Background: Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone synthesized in the pineal gland and peripheral reproductive tissues that regulates many biological processes. There is increasing evidence for a role of melatonin in oocyte maturation and embryonic development in various mammals. However, no study has reported evidence for the existence of melatonergic system, such as melatonin synthesis enzymes, melatonin membrane receptors, or melatonin binding sites in non-human primate cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs).

Differential Gene Expression in the Hippocampi of Nonhuman Primates Chronically Exposed to Methamphetamine, Cocaine, or Heroin.

Objective: Methamphetamine (MA), cocaine, and heroin cause severe public health problems as well as impairments in neural plasticity and cognitive function in the hippocampus. This study aimed to identify the genes differentially expressed in the hippocampi of cynomolgus monkeys in response to these drugs.

Methods: After the monkeys were chronically exposed to MA, cocaine, and heroin, we performed large-scale gene expression profiling of the hippocampus using RNA-Seq technology and functional annotation of genes differentially expressed.

Comparison of static-fluid or excretory magnetic resonance urography with computed tomography urography for visualization of nondilated renal pelvises and ureters in healthy Beagles.

Objective: To assess the usefulness of magnetic resonance urography (MRU) for the visualization of nondilated renal pelvises and ureters in dogs and to compare our findings for MRU versus CT urography (CTU).

Animals: 9 healthy Beagles.

Procedures: Dogs underwent CTU, static-fluid MRU, and excretory MRU, with ≥ 7 days between procedures.

Quantification of renal T2 relaxation rate by use of blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging before and after furosemide administration in healthy Beagles.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI for measurement of the renal T2 relaxation rate (R2; proxy for renal oxygenation) before and after furosemide administration and to evaluate the reliability and repeatability of those measurements in healthy dogs.

Animals: 8 healthy adult Beagles (4 males and 4 females).

Procedures: Each dog was anesthetized and underwent BOLD MRI before (baseline) and 3 minutes after administration of furosemide (1 mg/kg, IV) twice, with a 1-week interval between scanning sessions.

Renal Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Healthy Dogs: Reproducibility, Test-Retest Repeatability, and Selection of the Optimal b-value Combination.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging can evaluate alterations in the microstructure of the kidney. The purpose of this study was to assess the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the intravoxel incoherent motion model (IVIM) parameters of a normal kidney in healthy dogs, to evaluate the effect of b-value combinations on the ADC value, and the reproducibility and test-retest repeatability in monoexponential and IVIM analysis. In this experimental study, the ADC, pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D), and perfusion fraction ( ) were measured from both kidneys in nine healthy beagles using nine b-values (b = 0, 50, 70, 100, 150, 200, 500, 800, and 1,000 s/mm) twice with a 1-week interval between measurements.

Establishment and Characterization of Immortalized Miniature Pig Pancreatic Cell Lines Expressing Oncogenic K-Ras.

In recent decades, many studies on the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer have been conducted. However, pancreatic cancer remains incurable, with a high mortality rate. Although mouse models have been widely used for preclinical pancreatic cancer research, these models have many differences from humans.

Differential expression of microRNAs in the hippocampi of male and female rodents after chronic alcohol administration.

Background: Women are more vulnerable than men to the neurotoxicity and severe brain damage caused by chronic heavy alcohol use. In addition, brain damage due to chronic heavy alcohol use may be associated with sex-dependent epigenetic modifications. This study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes that are differentially expressed in the hippocampi of male and female animal models in response to alcohol.

Assessment of Hand Motor Function in a Non-human Primate Model of Ischemic Stroke.

Ischemic stroke results from arterial occlusion and can cause irreversible brain injury. A non-human primate (NHP) model of ischemic stroke was previously developed to investigate its pathophysiology and for efficacy testing of therapeutic candidates; however, fine motor impairment remains to be well-characterized. We evaluated hand motor function in a cynomolgus monkey model of ischemic stroke.

Enhancement of target specificity of CRISPR-Cas12a by using a chimeric DNA-RNA guide.

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is widely used for target-specific genome engineering. CRISPR-Cas12a (Cpf1) is one of the CRISPR effectors that controls target genes by recognizing thymine-rich protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences. Cas12a has a higher sensitivity to mismatches in the guide RNA than does Cas9; therefore, off-target sequence recognition and cleavage are lower.