Oligomeric SWEET1g of Solanum tuberosum confers resistance to potato virus Y and Potato virus X.

How the protein sugars will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) affects plant virus infection remains largely unknown. Here, our findings showed that potato virus Y (PVY) coat protein (CP) directly interacted with SWEET1g of Solanum tuberosum (StSWEET1g). Silencing of StSWEET1g promoted PVY infection while overexpressing StSWEET1g in Nicotiana benthamiana inhibited PVY replication.

Academic competition-based learning cultivates scientific literacy to promote professional competitiveness in medical undergraduates.

Background: Contemporary healthcare requires medical professionals with advanced scientific literacy. Current undergraduate medical curricula may not consistently develop this critical skillset. This study evaluates the effectiveness and challenges of an academic competition-based learning (ACBL) for enhancing scientific literacy in medical undergraduates.

RabE1a- and SEC10b-mediated exocytosis and AP2β-mediated endocytosis are involved in the intracellular transport of tobamoviruses.

To establish systemic infection, plant viruses must replicate, and conduct intra- and intercellular movement and long-distance movement, all of which require the participation of host factors. Tobamoviruses move in the form of movement protein (MP)-viral RNA complex and utilize endocytosis for intracellular movement. However, how tobamoviral MPs hijack host factors to reach the plasma membrane (PM) and then plasmodesmata (PD) is still largely unknown.

A tomato mottle mosaic virus-based vector system for gene function studies in tomato.

Plant virus-based vectors provide a convenient tool for rapid protein expression and gene function studies. However, there is little research on viral vectors capable of systemically expressing proteins in tomatoes. Here, we substituted the coat protein (CP) gene with GFP gene in a previously constructed tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV; genus Tobamovirus) infectious clone pCBToMMV to produce transiently expressing vectors, which could express GFP in the infiltrated leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana plants.

A novel GH11 β-1,4-xylanase from Fusarium verticillioides: Its eukaryotic expression, biochemical characterization and synergistic effect with cellulase on lignocellulosic biomass degradation.

A recently discovered GH11 β-xylanase, FvXynA, from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium verticillioides was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris and displayed the highest activity toward beechwood xylan (1258.7 IU/mg) under the optimum reaction conditions of 50 °C and pH 5.0.

A benzo[b]thiophene-derived inhibitor of virus particle assembly via targeting capsid protein residue Arg157.

As a biological macromolecule, the coat protein (CP) of potato virus Y (PVY) mediates the virus' primary pathogenic behaviors. It has been gradually realized that certain residues on the CP are crucial for functions such as virus particle movement and assembly. However, there are few reports of potential drugs successfully targeting these key residues with unique mechanisms of action.

CRISPR-Cas9 screening identifies the role of FER as a tumor suppressor.

It is important to systematically identify tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) to improve our understanding of tumorigenesis and develop strategies for early diagnosis and mitigating disease progression. In the present study, we used an in vivo genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) screen and identified FPS/FES-related (FER) as a TSG. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed that normal cells with low FER expression exhibited elevated malignant transformation potential and stemness properties.

but not is the avirulence determinant in melon carrying the resistance against watermelon mosaic virus, although they contain a common genetic determinant.

Viruses employ a series of diverse translational strategies to expand their coding capacity, which produces viral proteins with common domains and entangles virus-host interactions. P3N-PIPO, which is a transcriptional slippage product from the cistron, is a potyviral protein dedicated to intercellular movement. Here, we show that P3N-PIPO from watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) triggers cell death when transiently expressed in accession PI 414723 carrying the resistance gene.

Development of an attenuated potato virus Y mutant carrying multiple mutations in helper-component protease for cross-protection.

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the major cash crops in China. Potato virus Y (PVY), a representative member of the genus Potyvirus, greatly reduces the quality and yield of tobacco leaves by inducing veinal necrosis. Mild strain-mediated cross-protection is an attractive method of controlling diseases caused by PVY.

A natural substitution of a conserved amino acid in eIF4E confers resistance against multiple potyviruses.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which plays a pivotal role in initiating translation in eukaryotic organisms, is often hijacked by the viral genome-linked protein to facilitate the infection of potyviruses. In this study, we found that the naturally occurring amino acid substitution D71G in eIF4E is widely present in potyvirus-resistant watermelon accessions and disrupts the interaction between watermelon eIF4E and viral genome-linked protein of papaya ringspot virus-watermelon strain, zucchini yellow mosaic virus or watermelon mosaic virus. Multiple sequence alignment and protein modelling showed that the amino acid residue D located in the cap-binding pocket of eIF4E is strictly conserved in many plant species.

Potato virus Y viral protein 6K1 inhibits the interaction between defense proteins during virus infection.

14-3-3 proteins play vital roles in plant defense against various pathogen invasions. To date, how 14-3-3 affects virus infections in plants remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that Nicotiana benthamiana 14-3-3h interacts with TRANSLATIONALLY CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN (TCTP), a susceptibility factor of potato virus Y (PVY).

Parents' experiences and need for social support after pregnancy termination for fetal anomaly: a qualitative study in China.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and need for social support of Chinese parents after termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies.

Design: A qualitative study using semistructured, in-depth interviews combined with observations. Data were analysed by Claizzi's phenomenological procedure.

Identification and Functional Evaluation of Alternative Splice Variants of Dax1 in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.

Dax1 (; Dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenital on the X-chromosome gene-1) is an important component of the transcription factor network that governs pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Functional evaluation of alternative splice variants of pluripotent transcription factors has shed additional insight on the maintenance of ESC pluripotency and self-renewal. Dax1 splice variants have not been identified and characterized in mouse ESCs.

Retracted: Caffeine Treatment Promotes Differentiation and Maturation of Hypoxic Oligodendrocytes via Counterbalancing Adenosine 1 Adenosine Receptor-Induced Calcium Overload.

The Editors of Medical Science Monitor wish to inform you that the above manuscript has been retracted from publication due to concerns with the credibility and originality of the study, the manuscript content, and the Figure images. Reference: Ting Cao, Teng Ma, Yang Xu, Yanping Tian, Qiyan Cai, Baichuan Li, Hongli Li. Caffeine Treatment Promotes Differentiation and Maturation of Hypoxic Oligodendrocytes via Counterbalancing Adenosine 1 Adenosine Receptor-Induced Calcium Overload.

Parallel Genome-Wide CRISPR Screens to Identify State-Dependent Self-Renewal Regulators of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.

The pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is more accurately viewed as a continuous developmental process rather than a fixed state. However, the factors that play general or state-specific roles in regulating self-renewal in different pluripotency states remain poorly defined. In this study, parallel genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO) screens were applied in ESCs cultured in the serum plus LIF (SL) and in the 2i plus LIF (2iL) conditions.

Identification and functional comparison of novel alternatively spliced isoforms of human YAP.

As a key effector of the Hippo pathway, yes-associated protein (YAP) is a major regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, 23 hYAP isoforms were identified in HEK293 cells, with 14 isoforms being reported for the first time. These isoforms were classified into hYAP-a and hYAP-b isoforms based on the variation in exon 1.

influences the gut-microbiota-targeted metabolic modulation of the immune status of diarrheal mice.

Koumiss is a traditional fermented drink widely consumed by nomads owing to its rich nutritional value and therapeutic effects. is a bacterial strain isolated from koumiss and has a positive effect on diarrhea; however, the relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis and gut microbial metabolism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the anti-diarrheal activity of in a murine -induced diarrhea model to provide novel insights into its probiotic properties by analyzing its intestinal metabolites and effects on the intestinal barrier.

A multi-omics integrative analysis based on CRISPR screens re-defines the pluripotency regulatory network in ESCs.

A comprehensive and precise definition of the pluripotency gene regulatory network (PGRN) is crucial for clarifying the regulatory mechanisms in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, after a CRISPR/Cas9-based functional genomics screen and integrative analysis with other functional genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes and epigenome data, an expanded pluripotency-associated gene set is obtained, and a new PGRN with nine sub-classes is constructed. By integrating the DNA binding, epigenetic modification, chromatin conformation, and RNA expression profiles, the PGRN is resolved to six functionally independent transcriptional modules (CORE, MYC, PAF, PRC, PCGF and TBX).

Impact of contact with the baby following stillbirth on parental mental health and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: This study aims to identify and synthesize available research reporting parental mental health outcomes related to contact with a stillborn baby.

Background: Stillbirth is devastating events for parents. The effects of contact with the stillborn baby on parental mental health are uncertain.

Comparative expression analysis of TEADs and their splice variants in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) transcription factors play important roles in embryonic stem cell (ESC) renewal and differentiation. Four TEAD transcription factors (Tead1, Tead2, Tead3 and Tead4) and their various splice variants have been discovered in mice, but the expression pattern of them during pluripotency state transition is unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of TEADs and their splice variants in mouse ESCs at different pluripotent/differentiating states and adult mouse tissues.