Gut Microbiota-Mediated Bile Acid Metabolism Regulates Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis by Altering Neutrophil Recruitment.

The gut microbiome is frequently dysregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). Gut microbiota can modify bile acids (BAs), which is a group of metabolites that have been linked to tumorigenesis and progression. Here, we observed a significant deficiency in gut bacteria with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in patients with liver metastatic CRC (CRLM).

Megasphaera Elesdenii Dysregulates Colon Epithelial Homeostasis, Aggravates Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis.

Altered gut microbiota has evidenced to be associated with colitis and colonic tumorigenesis, however bacteria-driven mechanism underlying inflammation-related colon pathologies remains undetermined. This study identifies a previously overlooked genus, Megasphaera, is highly abundant in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cohorts. A Megasphaera species, M.

Metalgel Fiber with Excellent Electrical and Mechanical Properties.

With the rapid advancement of soft electronics, particularly the rise of fiber electronics and smart textiles, there is an urgent need to develop high-performance fiber materials with both excellent electrical and mechanical properties. However, existing fiber materials including metal fibers, carbon-based fibers, intrinsically conductive polymer fibers, and composite fibers struggle to simultaneously meet the requirements. Here, we introduce a metalgel fiber with a unique structure.

[Retracted] Upregulation of estrogen receptor mediates migration, invasion and proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Following the publication of the above article, a concerned reader drew to the Editor's attention that a couple of the figures in this paper contained overlapping sections, where data which were intended to show the results from differently performed experiments had been derived from the same original source. First, regarding the cell transfection experiments in Fig. 1, the Con, ERα and ERβ data panels in Fig.

Research Progress of Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Nanocarriers in Targeted Cancer Therapy.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), as a critical ingredient of extracellular matrix (ECM) and synovial fluid, has attracted extensive attention in targeted tumor thearpy. The superiority of HA is reflected as its great biocompatibility, biodegradability and special binding ability to CD44 receptor. Moreover, CD44 receptor proteins are overexpressed in many kinds of tumor cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs).

[Retracted] Stimulation of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ inhibits estrogen receptor α transcriptional activity in endometrial carcinoma cells.

Following the publication of this paper, after having performed an independent analysis of the data shown in the various of the figures in the Editorial Office, it was identified that, in Fig. 5A and B on p. 1232 showing the results of Transwell invasion and migration experiments, the majority of the data panels exhibited overlapping sections of data, such that the affected panels, which were intended to show the results of differently performed experiments, had all apparently been derived from the same original sources.

Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang strengthens intestinal feedback control of bile acid synthesis to ameliorate irritable bowel syndrome by enhancing bile salt hydrolase-expressing microbiota.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: A herbal formula Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang (TXYF) is traditionally used to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), modern pharmacological evidence supports that the formula efficacy is associated with altered gut microbiota. Yet, the mechanistic role of gut microbiota in the therapy of TXYF remains unclear. We previously clarified that gut microbiota-dysregulated bile acid (BA) metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of IBS, deriving a hypothesis that microbiota-BA metabolic axis might be a potential target of TXYF.

A chronic stress-induced microbiome perturbation, highly enriched in , promotes colorectal cancer growth and metastasis.

Mounting evidence indicates that psychological stress adversely affects cancer progression including tumor growth and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of chronic stress-induced microbiome perturbation in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) was used to establish the chronic stress mouse model, behavioral tests were used for the CRS model evaluation.

Echinacoside inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis via modulating the gut microbiota and suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Echinacoside (ECH) is the dominant phenylethanoid glycoside-structured compound identified from our developed herbal formula Huangci granule, which has been previously reported to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of CRC and prolong patients' disease-free survival duration. Though ECH has inhibitory activity against aggressive colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, its anti-metastasis effect in vivo and the action mechanism is undetermined. Given that ECH has an extremely low bioavailability and gut microbiota drives the CRC progression, we hypothesized that ECH could inhibit metastatic CRC by targeting the gut microbiome.

Synergy between Th1 and Th2 responses during endometriosis: A review of current understanding.

Endometriosis is widely perceived as an estrogen-dependent chronic disorder with infertility and pelvic pain. Although the etiology of endometriosis has remained elusive, many studies have proclaimed the relevance of immune system disorders with endometriosis. With the discovery that the dysregulation of multiple biological functions in endometriosis is caused by the aberrant differentiation of T helper cells, a shift towards Th2 immune response may account for the disease progression.

Gut microbiota and colorectal cancer metastasis.

Gut microbiota play critical roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota contribute to a tumor-permissive microenvironment and facilitate malignant transformation and dissemination of tumor cells, thereby mediating CRC metastasis.

A High Hepatic Uptake of Conjugated Bile Acids Promotes Colorectal Cancer-Associated Liver Metastasis.

The liver is the most common site for colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated metastasis. There remain unsatisfactory medications in liver metastasis given the incomplete understanding of pathogenic mechanisms. Herein, with an orthotopic implantation model fed either regular or high-fat diets (HFD), more liver metastases were associated with an expansion of conjugated bile acids (BAs), particularly taurocholic acid (TCA) in the liver, and an increased gene expression of Na-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP).

Effects of gut microbiota on immune responses and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbial dysbiosis is implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression through interaction with host immune system. Given the intimate relationship between the gut microbiota and the antitumor immune responses, the microbiota has proven to be effective targets in modulating immunotherapy responses of preclinical CRC models. However, the proposed putative mechanisms of how these bacteria affect immune responses and immunotherapy efficacy remains obscure.

The Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Flow-Sediment Relationships in a Hilly Watershed of the Chinese Loess Plateau.

The flow-sediment relationship is important to understand soil erosion and sediment transport in severely eroded areas, such as Loess Plateau. Previous research focused on the variation and driving forces of runoff and sediment at the different scales in a watershed. However, the variations of the flow-sediment relationship on multispatial scales (slope, subgully, gully, and watershed scales) and multitemporal scales (annual, flood events, and flood process) were less focused.

Experiment on the bract stripping and crushing device of a corn harvester.

In order to study the mechanism of bract peeling and crushing of a corn harvester, a bract stripping and crushing device was designed that mainly consists of a stripping device, a crushing device, and a frame. The kinematics and dynamics of the roller of bract stripping device were analyzed, and the conditions of bract stripping were obtained. Single factor tests of stripping roller speed and crushing roller speed were carried out.

San-Wu-Huang-Qin decoction attenuates tumorigenesis and mucosal barrier impairment in the AOM/DSS model by targeting gut microbiome.

Background: A classic herbal formula San-Wu-Huang-Qin (SWHQ) decoction has been widely used in clinical practices to prevent and treat colorectal cancer (CRC) for years, but its anti-tumorigenic properties and the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined.

Purpose: The present study used a CRC mouse model to clarify whether and how SWHQ suppresses tumorigenesis.

Methods: Different doses of SWHQ were gavaged to the AOM/DSS model mice to examine its anti-tumor efficacy in comparison with the positive control drug Aspirin.

Regulatory T cells induce polarization of pro-repair macrophages by secreting sFGL2 into the endometriotic milieu.

An increased number of highly active regulatory T cells (Tregs) and macrophages has been found in peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis. Here, we show that the level of Tregs-derived soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2) increases in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Higher expression of FGL2 and its receptor CD32B is observed in eutopic endometrium and ectopic tissues.

Sl-lncRNA15492 interacts with Sl-miR482a and affects Solanum lycopersicum immunity against Phytophthora infestans.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the resistance of plants to infection by pathogens via interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs). Long non-coding RNAs are cleaved by miRNAs to produce phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs), which, as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), function as decoys for mature miRNAs, thus inhibiting their expression, and contain pre-miRNA sequences to produce mature miRNAs. However, whether lncRNAs and miRNAs mediate other molecular mechanisms during plant resistance to pathogens is unknown.

Identification of lncRNAs and their regulatory relationships with target genes and corresponding miRNAs in melon response to powdery mildew fungi.

Melon (Cucumis melo L.), an economically beneficial crop widely cultivated around the world, is vulnerable to powdery mildew (PM). However, the studies on molecular mechanism of melon response to PM fungi is still limited.

LncRNA39026 Enhances Tomato Resistance to by Decoying miR168a and Inducing Gene Expression.

Our previous study has indicated that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), lncRNA39026, can be responsive to infection. However, the function and regulation mechanism of lncRNA39026 during tomato resistance to are unknown. In this study, an lncRNA39026 sequence was cloned from tomato Zaofen No.

Genome-Wide Identification of lncRNAs and Analysis of ceRNA Networks During Tomato Resistance to .

Our previous studies have revealed the function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in tomato in response to infection. However, the interaction relationships between lncRNAs and miRNAs during tomato resistance to infection are unknown. In this study, 9,011 lncRNAs were identified from tomato plants, including 115 upregulated and 81 downregulated lncRNAs.

Enhanced shRNA delivery by the combination of polyethylenimine, ultrasound, and nanobubbles in liver cancer.

Background: Traditional cancer treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy destroy both cancer and normal cells, which limit their clinical application. It is difficult to achieve the best results for any liver cancer patients using any single treatment method. Gene therapy for HCC demands non-invasive, efficient, targeted and safe gene transfection strategies.

Tomato lncRNA23468 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to modulate genes by decoying miR482b in the tomato interaction.

Our previous studies indicated that tomato miR482b could negatively regulate the resistance of tomato to and the expression of miR482b was decreased after inoculation with . However, the mechanism by which the accumulation of miR482b is suppressed remains unclear. In this study, we wrote a program to identify 89 long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-originated endogenous target mimics (eTMs) for 46 miRNAs from our RNA-Seq data.

Correction: Trophoblast-derived CXCL16 induces M2 macrophage polarization that in turn inactivates NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface.

In this article, published online 27 March 2018, in the "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS", it should be supplemented as follows: "This study was funded by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, number 81490744, awarded to Da-Jin Li." The authors regret the omission.