Fragment-Driven Progressive Alternating Diffusion for De Novo Molecular Design.

High reliability and creativity remain key goals for AI-driven de novo molecule design. In this work, we propose a fragment-driven progressive alternating diffusion (FDPAD) framework in a coarse-to-fine generation mode. By modeling molecules as fragment-structured graphs, FDPAD entails a progressive discrete diffusion process by randomly walking some sequences of fragment-structured units (FSU), thereby mitigating combinatorial complexities and facilitating the synthesis of intricate macroscopic structures.

Distributions of parvalbumin, calbindin-D28k, and calretinin in the cerebrum of Chinese tree shrews ( ): A high-resolution neuroanatomical resource.

The Chinese tree shrew has gained prominence as a model organism due to its phylogenetic proximity to primates, offering distinct advantages over traditional rodent models in biomedical research. However, the neuroanatomy of this species remains insufficiently defined, limiting its utility in neurophysiological and neuropathological studies. In this study, immunofluorescence microscopy was employed to comprehensively map the distribution of three calcium-binding proteins, parvalbumin, calbindin D-28k, and calretinin, across the tree shrew cerebrum.

Object-translocation induces event coding in the rat hippocampus.

Episodic memory is the ability to recall personally experienced events that are situated within specific spatial contexts. Within a navigation environment, salient objects can function as landmarks, and interactions with them can be encoded as distinct episodic events. However, the nuanced integration of "where" and "what" aspects of objects during episodic memory formation remains poorly understood.

A bifunctional fusion membrane-based biocompatible nanovaccine to potentiate cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer cell membrane-based nanovaccines derived from patients' tumor tissues have shown promising features as a personalized cancer treatment strategy. However, the weak immunogenicity of autologous tumor antigens undermines the therapeutic effects of personalized vaccines. : We synthesized a biomimetic nanovaccine, Bio-HCP@FM-NPs, composed of senescent tumor cell membranes, cytoplasmic membrane extracts, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-encapsulated biocompatible hypercross-linked polymer nanoparticles.

Enhanced Interfacial Exciton Transport in Mixed 2D/3D Perovskites Approaching Bulk 3D Counterparts.

Mixed 2D/3D halide perovskites possess unique optoelectronic properties and strong structural stability, making them promising for various light-harvesting and -emitting applications. However, the long-chain organic cations have low charge conductivity and create potential barriers within the inorganic frameworks, which limit efficient exciton and carrier transport. In this study, we propose a method to improve exciton transport in 2D/3D perovskites by adjusting the conjugation interactions of long-chain ligands.

The Main Factors Affecting the Minimum Sampling Area Determination Method: Based on Research of the Shrub Layer in Island Forests.

Determining the minimum sampling area is crucial for accurate and cost-effective biodiversity surveys. This study identifies the main factors (e.g.

Clinical implement of Probe-Capture Metagenomics in sepsis patients: A multicentre and prospective study.

Background: Accurate pathogen identification is critical for managing sepsis. However, traditional microbiological methods are time-consuming and exhibit limited sensitivity, particularly with blood samples. Metagenomic sequencing of plasma or whole blood was highly affected by the proportion of host nucleic acid.

Fn14-targeting, NIR-II responsive nanomaterials for enhanced radiotherapy against glioblastomas.

Radiotherapy is a common treatment option for patients with glioblastoma multiforme. However, tumor heterogeneity causes varying responses to radiation among different tumor subpopulations. Cancer cells that endure radiotherapy exhibit radioresistance, resulting in the ineffectiveness of radiation therapy and eventual tumor relapse.

Examining the connection between position-based power and social status across 70 cultures.

Even in the most egalitarian societies, hierarchies of power and status shape social life. However, power and received status are not synonymous-individuals in positions of power may or may not be accorded the respect corresponding to their role. Using a cooperatively collected dataset from 18,096 participants across 70 cultures, we investigate, through a survey-based correlational design, when perceived position-based power (operationalized as influence and control) of various powerholders is associated with their elevated social status (operationalized as perceived respect and instrumental social value).

A multifunctional metal-based nanozyme for CT/PTI-guided photothermal/starvation/chemodynamic therapy against colon tumor.

Colon cancer is a major global health threat. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving survival rates. Conventional methods, like colonoscopies and CT scans, have limitations, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies.

Re-analysis of single cell and spatial transcriptomics data reveals B cell landscape in gastric cancer microenvironment and its potential crosstalk with tumor cells for clinical prognosis.

Background: At present, immunotherapy has become a powerful treatment for advanced gastric cancer (AGC), but not all patients can benefit from it. According to the latest research, the impact of B cell subpopulations on the immune microenvironment of gastric cancer (GC) is unknown. Exploring whether the interaction between B cells and tumor cells in GC affects the effectiveness of immunotherapy has attracted our interest.

Evaluating computational efforts and physiological resolution of mathematical models of cardiac tissue.

Computational techniques have significantly advanced our understanding of cardiac electrophysiology, yet they have predominantly concentrated on averaged models that do not represent the intricate dynamics near individual cardiomyocytes. Recently, accurate models representing individual cells have gained popularity, enabling analysis of the electrophysiology at the micrometer level. Here, we evaluate five mathematical models to determine their computational efficiency and physiological fidelity.

Identification and experimental validation of m7G-related molecular subtypes, immune signature, and feature genes in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Studies has shown that N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification plays a critical role in neurological diseases. However, the exact role and association of m7G with the immune microenvironment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain largely unknown and unexplored.

Methods: The study datasets comprised 667 AD samples and 503 control samples selected from eight datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus database; m7G regulator genes were obtained from previous literature.

A Light-Responsive Neural Circuit Suppresses Feeding.

Light plays an essential role in a variety of physiological processes, including vision, mood, and glucose homeostasis. However, the intricate relationship between light and an animal's feeding behavior has remained elusive. Here, we found that light exposure suppresses food intake, whereas darkness amplifies it in male mice.

Prediction of the benign and malignant nature of masses in COPD background based on Habitat-based enhanced CT radiomics modeling: A preliminary study.

Background: It is difficult to differentiate between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma (COPD-PBC) and inflammatory masses.

Objective: This study aims to predict COPD-PBC based on clinical data and preoperative Habitat-based enhanced CT radiomics (HECT radiomics) modeling.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical imaging data of 232 cases of postoperative pathological confirmed PBC or inflammatory masses.

Analysis and experimental validation of necroptosis-related molecular classification, immune signature and feature genes in Alzheimer's disease.

Necroptosis, a programmed cell death pathway, has been demonstrated to be activated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise role of necroptosis and its correlation with immune cell infiltration in AD remains unclear. In this study, we conducted non-negative matrix factorization clustering analysis to identify three subtypes of AD based on necroptosis-relevant genes.

Unraveling the causes of sarcopenia: Roles of neuromuscular junction impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Sarcopenia is a systemic skeletal muscle disease characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function. Originally defined as an age-associated condition, sarcopenia presently also encompasses muscular atrophy due to various pathological factors, such as intensive care unit-acquired weakness, inactivity, and malnutrition. The exact pathogenesis of sarcopenia is still unknown; herein, we review the pathological roles of the neuromuscular junction and mitochondria in this condition.

Work conflict: Another trigger to smartphone addiction of individuals with high rumination?

With the widespread use of smartphones, many people spend much time on smartphones for shopping, learning, socializing, and so on, which can affect an individual's mental health and work performance. Especially, individual perceived conflict at work may increase their social anxiety and thus raise the risk of their smartphone addiction. This study collected data from 577 corporate employees in China through convenience sampling to explain the influence mechanism of work conflict on smartphone addiction and to verify the moderating role of rumination.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition sensitizes radiotherapy by promoting T cell infiltration.

Radiotherapy could regulate systemic antitumor immunity, while the immune state in the tumor microenvironment (TME) also affects the efficacy of radiotherapy. We have found that higher CD8 T cell infiltration is associated with longer overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma patients receiving radiotherapy. 8-Gray radiation increased the transcriptional levels of chemokines in tumor cells .

Protein-coated cobalt oxide-hydroxide nanospheres deliver photosensitizer IR780 iodide for near-infrared light-triggered photodynamic/photothermal/chemodynamic therapy against colon cancer.

Phototherapy has garnered worldwide attention for its minimal invasiveness, controllability, and spatial selectivity in treating cancer. One promising approach involves the use of near-infrared dye IR780, which demonstrates both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) effects under 808 nm laser irradiation. However, this hydrophobic dye's toxicity and limited tumor targeting ability severely hamper its suitability for cancer applications.

Identification of metabolism-related subtypes and feature genes in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Owing to the heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD), its pathogenic mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. Evidence suggests an important role of metabolism in the pathophysiology of AD. Herein, we identified the metabolism-related AD subtypes and feature genes.

A comparison of behavioral paradigms assessing spatial memory in tree shrews.

Impairments in spatial navigation in humans can be preclinical signs of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, cognitive tests that monitor deficits in spatial memory play a crucial role in evaluating animal models with early stage Alzheimer's disease. While Chinese tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) possess many features suitable for Alzheimer's disease modeling, behavioral tests for assessing spatial cognition in this species are lacking.

A cell-based framework for modeling cardiac mechanics.

Cardiomyocytes are the functional building blocks of the heart-yet most models developed to simulate cardiac mechanics do not represent the individual cells and their surrounding matrix. Instead, they work on a homogenized tissue level, assuming that cellular and subcellular structures and processes scale uniformly. Here we present a mathematical and numerical framework for exploring tissue-level cardiac mechanics on a microscale given an explicit three-dimensional geometrical representation of cells embedded in a matrix.