Multidimensional Pancreatic Islet β-cell Function (PIF) Assessment Improves Predictive Effect of Diabetes Risk Scores.

Aims/hypothesis: Comprehensive assessment of pancreatic islet β-cell function (PIF) is crucial for diabetes management. We proposed a multidimensional, relative quantification system for PIF measurement.

Methods: Our novel approach evaluates PIF using three dimensions: stationary-baseline (PIF-S), load-peak (PIF-L), and accelerated-slope (PIF-A).

Assessing the potential causal effects of 1099 plasma metabolites on 2099 binary disease endpoints.

Metabolites are small molecules that are useful for estimating disease risk and elucidating disease biology. Here, we perform two-sample Mendelian randomization to systematically infer the potential causal effects of 1099 plasma metabolites measured in 6136 Finnish men from the METSIM study on risk of 2099 binary disease endpoints measured in 309,154 Finnish individuals from FinnGen. We find evidence for 282 putative causal effects of 70 metabolites on 183 disease endpoints.

A novel method for extraction of high purity and high production Phytophthora sojae oospores.

Background: Phytophthora sojae, a soil-borne oomycete pathogen, has been a yield limiting factor for more than 60 years on soybean. The resurgence of P. sojae (Phytophthora sojae) is primarily ascribed to the durable oospores found in soil and remnants of the disease.

WISP1 Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck Disease via the Autophagy Pathway.

Objective: Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a kind of endemic and chronic osteochondropathy in China. This study aims to explore the functional relevance and potential mechanism of Wnt-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) in the pathogenesis of KBD.

Design: KBD and control cartilage specimens were collected for tissue section observation and primary chondrocyte culture.

Plant immune inducer ZNC promotes rutin accumulation and enhances resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato.

Gray mold is a destructive disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, a pervasive plant pathogen, which poses a threat to both tomato growth and postharvest storage. The utilization of induced resistance presents a potential strategy for combating plant pathogenic attacks. ZNC (zhinengcong), an extract derived from the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii, has been discovered to play a vital role in preventing diverse forms of bacterial infections.

Genome-wide by environment interaction studies of maternal smoking and educational score in UK biobank.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the associations between maternal smoking (MS) and education score in adult offspring.

Methods: To better understand this link, we performed a two-stage genome-wide by environment interaction studies (GWEIS) of MS and offspring education score in UK Biobank cohort. Specifically, 276 996 subjects from England were enrolled in the discovery study, while 24 355 subjects from Scotland and 14 526 subjects from Wales were enrolled in the replication study.

Association between birth by caesarian section and anxiety, self-harm: a gene-environment interaction study using UK Biobank data.

Background: Limited efforts have been paid to explore the underlying genetic mechanisms of birth by caesarian section (CS) affecting the risks of adult anxiety and self-harm.

Methods: Using UK Biobank cohort, the logistic regression model was first applied to evaluate the associations of adult anxiety and self-harm with birth by CS. Using birth by CS as exposure variables, genome-wide by environment interaction study (GWEIS) was then applied by PLINK2.

Polyacrylic Acid Supported L-proline as an Effective Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction.

Introduction: L-proline is an efficient chiral small-molecule organocatalyst for the direct asymmetric aldol reaction between unmodified acetone and a variety of aldehydes.

Method: However, it is difficult to separate from the reaction medium for reuse. In this work, polyacrylic acid (PAA) supported The acylation reaction between L-hydroxyproline and PAA prepared l-proline (P(AA-co-PA)) catalysts with various catalyst loadings.

regulates the accumulation of lycopene, fruit shape, and resistance to in tomato.

Fruit lycopene, shape, and resistance are essential traits in vegetables whose final product is fruit, and they are also closely related to and strictly regulated by multiple transcription factors. Lycopene, which cannot be synthesized by the human body and can only be ingested from the outside, was important in maintaining human health. During fruit ripening and post-harvest, tomato plants face a variety of biotic or abiotic stresses, which might inflict great damage to fruit quality due to its flat shape and pointed tip during storage and transportation.

Preparation of a Green Sustained-Release Microcapsule-Type Anti-Icing Agent for Asphalt Pavement and Its Application Demonstration Project.

Salt-storage additives (SSAs) were added to the asphalt mixtures during the construction stage, and the formed anti-icing asphalt pavement (AIAP) played an active and smart role in continuous snow melting, which could avoid traffic accidents and provide positive support for winter road maintenance in cold areas. In this study, a novel and economical green sustained-release microcapsule salt-storage anti-icing agent was prepared by using solid waste porous sustained-release skeleton loading organic acetate salt as the core material and styrene-acrylic-acrylate copolymer P(AA-MA-BA-St) as the wall material, which have less corrosiveness and extended the release time. By comparing the physical properties of different solid waste porous carriers and corrosion inhibitors, the blast furnace slag and NaHCO were selected as the sustained-release skeleton and corrosion inhibitors.

Evaluating the Genetic Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Development of Neuroticism and General Happiness: A Polygenic Score Analysis and Interaction Study Using UK Biobank Data.

Limited efforts have been invested in exploring the interaction effects between genetic factors and gut microbiota on neuroticism and general happiness. The polygenic risk scores (PRS) of gut microbiota were calculated from individual-level genotype data of the UK Biobank cohort. Linear regression models were then used to assess the associations between individual PRS of gut microbiota and mental traits and interaction analysis was performed by PLINK2.

An Innovative Flexible-Honing Method with Dampers for Long-Life, Mass-Machining of Face Gears.

To further exert the technical advantages of face gears, high-end equipment puts forward the need for the long-life mass-machining of face gears. However, the commonly used technique of hard honing is more sensitive to installation errors and impact loads, and soft honing has insufficient removal ability to the margin, so the quality of the gear's life is difficult to guarantee. To solve this contradiction, this paper introduces a damper to honing and proposes a flexible honing method for face gears.

Strength Matching Method of Face Gear Pair Considering Service Space Limitation to Improve Strength Performance.

To further improve maneuverability and passability, new heavy-duty vehicles place higher demands on the service space and strength performance of transmission systems. The new surface gear transmission stands out for its unique technical advantages, but how to reduce the volume as much as possible under the premise of meeting the strength performance remains difficult to research. In the past, the method of improving the strength performance of the face gear pair has usually been by increasing the parameters and optimizing the tooth profile.

The associations between sleep behaviors, lifestyle factors, genetic risk and mental disorders: A cohort study of 402 290 UK Biobank participants.

Background: Sleep behaviors were believed to be associated with mental disorders (MD). However, the underlying mechanism of such association relationship, especially the role of multiple lifestyle factors in it remains unclear.

Methods: A total of 402,290 participants from UK Biobank who don't have MD at baseline were included.

Evaluating the interactive effects of dietary habits and human gut microbiome on the risks of depression and anxiety.

Background: Gut microbiome and dietary patterns have been suggested to be associated with depression/anxiety. However, limited effort has been made to explore the effects of possible interactions between diet and microbiome on the risks of depression and anxiety.

Methods: Using the latest genome-wide association studies findings in gut microbiome and dietary habits, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) analysis of gut microbiome and dietary habits was conducted in the UK Biobank cohort.

Associations between genetic loci, environment factors and mental disorders: a genome-wide survival analysis using the UK Biobank data.

It is well-accepted that both environment and genetic factors contribute to the development of mental disorders (MD). However, few genetic studies used time-to-event data analysis to identify the susceptibility genetic variants associated with MD and explore the role of environment factors in these associations. In order to detect novel genetic loci associated with MD based on the time-to-event data and identify the role of environmental factors in them, this study recruited 376,806 participants from the UK Biobank cohort.

Different Fruit-Specific Promoters Drive Expression to Improve Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Tomato.

Tomato is an economically crucial vegetable/fruit crop globally. Tomato is rich in nutrition and plays an essential role in a healthy human diet. Phenylpropanoid, a critical compound in tomatoes, reduces common degenerative and chronic diseases risk caused by oxidative stress.

Associations between electronic devices use and common mental traits: A gene-environment interaction model using the UK Biobank data.

Background: Electronic devices use has been reported to be associated with depression. However, limited effort has been provided to elucidate the associations between electronic devices use and mental traits in interaction with genetic factors.

Methods: We first conducted an observational study consisting of 138 976-383 742 participants for TV watching, 29 636-38 599 participants for computer using and 118 61-330 985 participants for computer playing in the UK Biobank cohort.

Gut microbiota is associated with bone mineral density : an observational and genome-wide environmental interaction analysis in the UK Biobank cohort.

Aims: Despite the interest in the association of gut microbiota with bone health, limited population-based studies of gut microbiota and bone mineral density (BMD) have been made. Our aim is to explore the possible association between gut microbiota and BMD.

Methods: A total of 3,321 independent loci of gut microbiota were used to calculate the individual polygenic risk score (PRS) for 114 gut microbiota-related traits.

Modeling and analysis of transient lubrication characteristic of the helicopter main transmission spiral bevel gears in point contacts.

An engineering calculation model is introduced for point-contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of spiral bevel gears. This model can analyze transient lubrication characteristics of spiral bevel gears. The influence of the angle between the lubricant entrainment and the minor axis of the contact ellipse is included in this model.

Traumatic events during childhood and its risks to substance use in adulthood: an observational and genome-wide by environment interaction study in UK Biobank.

We aimed to explore the underlying genetic mechanisms of traumatic events during childhood affecting the risks of adult substance use in present study. Using UK Biobank cohort, linear regression model was first applied to assess the relationships between cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in adults with traumatic events during childhood, including felt hated by family member (41,648-111,465), felt loved (46,394-124,481) and sexually molested (47,598-127,766). Using traumatic events as exposure variables, genome-wide by environment interaction study was then performed by PLINK 2.

Insomnia affects the levels of plasma bilirubin and protein metabolism: an observational study and GWGEIS in UK Biobank cohort.

Study Objectives: We aim to explore the mechanism of relationship between insomnia and liver metabolism by examining the gene × insomnia interactions.

Methods: Individual level genotypic and phenotypic data were obtained from the UK Biobank cohort. Regression analysis was first conducted to test the association of insomnia with plasma total bilirubin (TBil; n = 186,793), direct bilirubin (DBil; n = 159,854) and total protein (TP; n = 171,574) in UK Biobank cohort.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risks to depression and anxiety in offspring: An observational study and genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis in UK biobank cohort.

Background: Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) has been reported to be associated with increased anxiety and depression behaviors in offspring. However, there is still scant evidence to support the link between MSDP and anxiety/depression.

Methods: Using the subjects from the UK Biobank cohort (n = 371,903-432,881).

Evaluate the effects of serum urate level on bone mineral density: a genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis in UK Biobank cohort.

Introduction: Serum urate is associated with BMD and may be a protective factor. However, the exact association and mechanism are still unclear. We performed a genome-wide gene-environmental interaction study (GWGEIS) to explore the interaction effects between gene and urate on BMD, using data from the UK Biobank cohort.