Metabolic Remapping at "Point-Line-Plane" Levels With Central Dysfunction in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

Background: This study is aimed at investigate the glucose metabolic patterns of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) at "point-line-plane" levels.

Methods: We retrospectively collected the F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI images of 174 CSVD patients and 206 healthy controls. First, the brain FDG-PET of each subject was divided into 7 classical networks, and the mean standard uptake value (SUV) was calculated.

Rewiring the disordered connectome with circuit-based paired stimulation after stroke-a randomized, double-blind and controlled Phase II trial.

The cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation, a combined stimulation based on two brain regions, may be an effective strategy for stroke rehabilitation. Our aim was to confirm that the cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation strengthens the connection between brain regions in the motor circuit and promotes improvements in motor function. This was a randomized double-blind, controlled Phase II trial.

Mapping individual cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits integrating structural and functional connectome: implications for upper limb motor impairment poststroke.

This study investigated alterations in functional connectivity (FC) within cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBTC) circuits and identified critical connections influencing poststroke motor recovery, offering insights into optimizing brain modulation strategies to address the limitations of traditional single-target stimulation. We delineated individual-specific parallel loops of CBTC through probabilistic tracking and voxel connectivity profiles-based segmentation and calculated FC values in poststroke patients and healthy controls, comparing with conventional atlas-based FC calculation. Support vector machine (SVM) analysis distinguished poststroke patients from controls.

Alterations of contralesional hippocampal subfield volumes and relations to cognitive functions in patients with unilateral stroke.

Background: The volumes of the hippocampal subfields are related to poststroke cognitive dysfunctions. However, it remains unclear whether contralesional hippocampal subfield volume contributes to cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the volumetric differences in the contralesional hippocampal subfields between patients with left and right hemisphere strokes (LHS/RHS).

Altered Brain Functional and Effective Connectivity Induced by Electroacupuncture in Rats Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection.

Background: The chronic pain arising from knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent clinical manifestation. As a traditional Chinese approach, electroacupuncture (EA) has a positive influence in relieving chronic pain from KOA. The study aims to explore functional connectivity (FC) and effective connectivity (EC) alterations induced by EA in anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) rat model of KOA using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Peripheral nerve transfers for dysfunctions in central nervous system injuries: a systematic review.

Background: The review highlights recent advancements and innovative uses of nerve transfer surgery in treating dysfunctions caused by central nervous system (CNS) injuries, with a particular focus on spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, traumatic brain injury, and cerebral palsy.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted regarding nerve transfer for restoring sensorimotor functions and bladder control following injuries of spinal cord and brain, across PubMed and Web of Science from January 1920 to May 2023. Two independent reviewers undertook article selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment with several appraisal tools, including the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist, and SYRCLE's ROB tool.

Motor imagery-based brain-computer interface rehabilitation programs enhance upper extremity performance and cortical activation in stroke patients.

Background: The most challenging aspect of rehabilitation is the repurposing of residual functional plasticity in stroke patients. To achieve this, numerous plasticity-based clinical rehabilitation programs have been developed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) rehabilitation programs on upper extremity hand function in patients with chronic hemiplegia.

Sports promote brain evolution: a resting-state fMRI study of volleyball athlete.

Background: Long-term skill learning can lead to structure and function changes in the brain. Different sports can trigger neuroplasticity in distinct brain regions. Volleyball, as one of the most popular team sports, heavily relies on individual abilities such as perception and prediction for high-level athletes to excel.

Electroacupuncture modulates abnormal brain connectivity after ischemia reperfusion injury in rats: A graph theory-based approach.

Background: Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to facilitate brain plasticity-related functional recovery following ischemic stroke. The functional magnetic resonance imaging technique can be used to determine the range and mode of brain activation. After stroke, EA has been shown to alter brain connectivity, whereas EA's effect on brain network topology properties remains unclear.

Circuit-based neuromodulation enhances delayed recall in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of circuits-based paired associative stimulation (PAS) in adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Methods: We conducted a parallel-group, randomised, controlled clinical trial. Initially, a cohort of healthy subjects was recruited to establish the cortical-hippocampal circuits by tracking white matter fibre connections using diffusion tensor imaging.

Limbic system plasticity after electroacupuncture intervention in knee osteoarthritis rats.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is characterized by debilitating pain. Electroacupuncture (EA), a traditional Chinese medical therapy, has shown promise in KOA pain management. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of EA in KOA and its impact on limbic system neural plasticity.

Focal ischemic stroke modifies microglia-derived exosomal miRNAs: potential role of mir-212-5p in neuronal protection and functional recovery.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a severe type of stroke with high disability and mortality rates. In recent years, microglial exosome-derived miRNAs have been shown to be promising candidates for the treatment of ischemic brain injury and exert neuroprotective effects. Mechanisms underlying miRNA dysregulation in ischemic stroke are still being explored.

Morphological alterations of contralesional hemisphere relate to functional outcomes after stroke.

The present study aimed to investigate poststroke morphological alterations contralesionally and correlations with functional outcomes. Structural magnetic resonance images were obtained from 27 poststroke patients (24 males, 50.21 ± 10.

Evidence of neuroplasticity with brain-computer interface in a randomized trial for post-stroke rehabilitation: a graph-theoretic study of subnetwork analysis.

Background: Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been widely used for functional recovery after stroke. Understanding the brain mechanisms following BCI intervention to optimize BCI strategies is crucial for the benefit of stroke patients.

Methods: Forty-six patients with upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke were recruited and randomly divided into the control group or the BCI group.

Modulation of Brain Network Topological Properties in Knee Osteoarthritis by Electroacupuncture in Rats.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a chronic, ongoing disease that affects patients, and pain is considered a key factor affecting patients, but the brain changes during the development of osteoarthritis pain are currently unclear. In this study, we used electroacupuncture (EA) to intervene the rat model of knee osteoarthritis and analyzed the changes in topological properties of brain networks using graph theory.

Methods: Sixteen SD rat models of right-knee osteoarthritis with anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) were randomly divided into electroacupuncture intervention group and control group.

Effects of cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation based on multisensory integration to brain network connectivity in stroke patients: study protocol for a randomized doubled blind clinical trial.

Introduction: Brain has a spontaneous recovery after stroke, reflecting the plasticity of the brain. Currently, TMS is used for studies of single-target brain region modulation, which lacks consideration of brain networks and functional connectivity. Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) promotes recovery of motor function.

Effect of aging on the cerebral metabolic mechanism of electroacupuncture treatment in rats with traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Aging has great influence on the clinical treatment effect of cerebrovascular diseases, and evidence suggests that the effect may be associated with age-related brain plasticity. Electroacupuncture is an effective alternative treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of aging on the cerebral metabolic mechanism of electroacupuncture to provide new evidence for developing age-specific rehabilitation strategies.

Mapping the long-term delayed recall-based cortex-hippocampus network constrained by the structural and functional connectome: a case-control multimodal MRI study.

Background: Connectome mapping may reveal new treatment targets for patients with neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, the long-term delayed recall based-network with structural and functional connectome is still largely unknown. Our objectives were to (1) identify the long-term delayed recall-based cortex-hippocampus network with structural and functional connectome and (2) investigate its relationships with various cognitive functions, age, and activities of daily living.

Altered Neural Pathways and Related Brain Remodeling: A Rat Study Using Different Nerve Reconstructions.

Background: Function recovery is related to cortical plasticity. The brain remodeling patterns induced by alterations in peripheral nerve pathways with different nerve reconstructions are unknown.

Objective: To explore brain remodeling patterns related to alterations in peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries.

High-order Brain Networks Abnormalities in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Patients: An Independent Component Analysis of Resting-state fMRI.

Background: Patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head  commonly present with sensorimotor anomalies. With independent component analysis, it is possible to explore the intrinsic alternations in highly specific functional networks. We used independent component analysis to examine the intrinsic changes and interactive connectivity between related functional resting-state networks.

Cerebral F-fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism alteration of reward- and motivation-related regions in groups of different BMI classifications.

Objective: This study explored the relationship between BMI and regional cerebral glucose metabolism and explicitly detected regions with significant differences in cerebral metabolism using positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging in the resting state.

Methods: Corresponding PET images acquired from 220 participants were sorted into four groups according to Asian BMI standards: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to assess the association between BMI and standard uptake value.

Brain Metabolic Network Redistribution in Patients with White Matter Hyperintensities on MRI Analyzed with an Individualized Index Derived from F-FDG-PET/MRI.

Objective: Whether metabolic redistribution occurs in patients with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unknown. This study aimed 1) to propose a measure of the brain metabolic network for an individual patient and preliminarily apply it to identify impaired metabolic networks in patients with WMHs, and 2) to explore the clinical and imaging features of metabolic redistribution in patients with WMHs.

Materials And Methods: This study included 50 patients with WMHs and 70 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/MRI.

Modification of the resting-state network involved at different stages of neuropathic pain.

Neuropathic pain (NeuP) is shown to be associated with abnormal changes in several specific brain regions. However, the large-scale interactivity of neuronal networks underlying the sensory and emotional abnormalities during NeuP remains unexplored. The present study aimed to explore the alterations in the relevant functional resting-state networks (RSNs) and their intra-networks at the different stages of NeuP based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

Alteration of brain functional networks induced by electroacupuncture stimulation in rats with ischemia-reperfusion: An independent component analysis.

Motor dysfunction is the major sequela of ischemic stroke. Motor recovery after stroke has been shown to be associated with remodeling of large-scale brain networks, both functionally and structurally. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a traditional Chinese medicine application that has frequently been recommended as an alternative therapy for ischemic stroke and is reportedly effective for alleviating motor symptoms in patients.

Altered effective connectivity in the emotional network induced by immersive virtual reality rehabilitation for post-stroke depression.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a serious complication of stroke that significantly restricts rehabilitation. The use of immersive virtual reality for stroke survivors is promising. Herein, we investigated the effects of a novel immersive virtual reality training system on PSD and explored induced effective connectivity alterations in emotional networks using multivariate Granger causality analysis (GCA).