Functional-structural co-dependent brain mapping of metamemory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Metamemory, a measure of introspective awareness of memory performance, provides an internally-generated drive, profoundly impacting external memory activities. Given its role in regulating memory along internal-external axis, understanding metamemory and underlying neural mechanisms in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is crucial for memory improvement. The present study was aimed to explore metamemory alterations and structural and functional remodeling characteristics underlying metamemory, as well as key brain regions that potentially moderated its intrinsic associations with age, education, and first-order cognition in aMCI.

Brain-thyroid crosstalk: 18F-FDG-PET/MRI evidence in patients with follicular thyroid adenomas.

Objective: The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis has been well-known. However, whether follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) could affect brain glucose metabolism is still unknown. Therefore, we explored the brain glucose metabolic characteristics of FTA with Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.

Mapping individual cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits integrating structural and functional connectome: implications for upper limb motor impairment poststroke.

This study investigated alterations in functional connectivity (FC) within cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBTC) circuits and identified critical connections influencing poststroke motor recovery, offering insights into optimizing brain modulation strategies to address the limitations of traditional single-target stimulation. We delineated individual-specific parallel loops of CBTC through probabilistic tracking and voxel connectivity profiles-based segmentation and calculated FC values in poststroke patients and healthy controls, comparing with conventional atlas-based FC calculation. Support vector machine (SVM) analysis distinguished poststroke patients from controls.

The moderating role of information processing speed in the relationship between brain remodeling and episodic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: The role of information processing speed (IPS) on relationships between episodic memory (EM) and central remodeling features in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) was investigated.

Methods: Neuropsychological evaluations and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging were performed on 48 patients diagnosed with aMCI and 50 healthy controls (HC). Moderation models explored the moderating effect of IPS on associations between EM and imaging features at single-region, connectivity, and network levels.

Peripheral nerve transfers for dysfunctions in central nervous system injuries: a systematic review.

Background: The review highlights recent advancements and innovative uses of nerve transfer surgery in treating dysfunctions caused by central nervous system (CNS) injuries, with a particular focus on spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, traumatic brain injury, and cerebral palsy.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted regarding nerve transfer for restoring sensorimotor functions and bladder control following injuries of spinal cord and brain, across PubMed and Web of Science from January 1920 to May 2023. Two independent reviewers undertook article selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment with several appraisal tools, including the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist, and SYRCLE's ROB tool.

Tongue coating-dependent superior temporal sulcus remodeling in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Tongue coating affects cognition, and cognitive decline at early stage also showed relations to functional and structural remodeling of superior temporal sulcus (STS) in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The potential correlation between disparate cognitive manifestations in aMCI patients with different tongue coatings, and corresponding mechanisms of STS remodeling remains uncharted. In this case-control study, aMCI patients were divided into thin coating (n = 18) and thick coating (n = 21) groups.

Circuit-based neuromodulation enhances delayed recall in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of circuits-based paired associative stimulation (PAS) in adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Methods: We conducted a parallel-group, randomised, controlled clinical trial. Initially, a cohort of healthy subjects was recruited to establish the cortical-hippocampal circuits by tracking white matter fibre connections using diffusion tensor imaging.

Modulation of Brain Network Topological Properties in Knee Osteoarthritis by Electroacupuncture in Rats.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a chronic, ongoing disease that affects patients, and pain is considered a key factor affecting patients, but the brain changes during the development of osteoarthritis pain are currently unclear. In this study, we used electroacupuncture (EA) to intervene the rat model of knee osteoarthritis and analyzed the changes in topological properties of brain networks using graph theory.

Methods: Sixteen SD rat models of right-knee osteoarthritis with anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) were randomly divided into electroacupuncture intervention group and control group.

Mapping the long-term delayed recall-based cortex-hippocampus network constrained by the structural and functional connectome: a case-control multimodal MRI study.

Background: Connectome mapping may reveal new treatment targets for patients with neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, the long-term delayed recall based-network with structural and functional connectome is still largely unknown. Our objectives were to (1) identify the long-term delayed recall-based cortex-hippocampus network with structural and functional connectome and (2) investigate its relationships with various cognitive functions, age, and activities of daily living.

Altered Neural Pathways and Related Brain Remodeling: A Rat Study Using Different Nerve Reconstructions.

Background: Function recovery is related to cortical plasticity. The brain remodeling patterns induced by alterations in peripheral nerve pathways with different nerve reconstructions are unknown.

Objective: To explore brain remodeling patterns related to alterations in peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries.