Effects of Hypoglycemic Agents on The Musculoskeletal System: A Comprehensive Review.

Human life expectancy increases with social development, which poses problems related to rapid population ageing. As a common disease among the elderly, the prevention and control of diabetes is an ongoing challenge. Diabetes is associated with decreased bone mineral density, increased incidence of fractures, and decreased muscle strength.

The skeletal muscle mass index is a predictor for all-cause mortality in US adults with type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes.

Aims: To investigate the relationship between the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or pre-diabetes (pre-DM) among American adults.

Methods: This study included 3684 patients with T2DM or pre-DM from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018.

Results: Our study revealed an inverse J-shaped relationship between the SMI with all-cause mortality in US adults with T2DM or pre-DM.

Immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine (CHO cell) LYB001 as a heterologous booster following two- or three-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in adults aged ≥18 years: interim results of a randomized, active-controlled, double-blinded, phase 3 trial.

Background: LYB001 is a recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine displaying a receptor-binding domain (RBD) in a highly immunogenic array on virus-like particles (VLPs). This study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of LYB001 as a booster.

Research Design And Methods: In this randomized, active-controlled, double-blinded, phase 3 trial, participants aged ≥ 18 years received a booster with LYB001 or ZF2001 (Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine).

Optical assembly of multi-particle arrays by opto-hydrodynamic binding of microparticles close to a one-dimensional chain of magnetic microparticles.

Two-dimensional materials possess a large number of interesting and important properties. Various methods have been developed to assemble two-dimensional aggregates. Assembly of colloidal particles can be achieved with laser-heating-induced thermal convective flow.

Mammalian Cell-Line-Expressed CD2v Protein of African Swine Fever Virus Provides Partial Protection against the HLJ/18 Strain in the Early Infection Stage.

A cell line expressing the CD2v protein of ASFV was generated. The efficient expression of CD2v protein was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The CD2v protein was Ni-affinity purified from the supernatant of cell cultures.

Optical trapping of microparticles with two tilted-focused laser beams.

We present an optical method for the manipulation of microparticles using two tilted-focused beams. First, the action on the microparticles is studied with a single tilted-focused beam. The beam is used to drive the directional motion of a dielectric particle.

An opto-thermal approach for assembling yeast cells by laser heating of a trapped light absorbing particle.

Cell assembly has important applications in biomedical research, which can be achieved with laser-heating induced thermal convective flow. In this paper, an opto-thermal approach is developed to assemble the yeast cells dispersed in solution. At first, polystyrene (PS) microbeads are used instead of cells to explore the method of microparticle assembly.

GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity: Role as a promising approach.

Obesity is a complex disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation which is caused by genetic, environmental and other factors. In recent years, there has been an increase in the morbidity, disability rate,and mortality due to obesity, making it great threat to people's health and lives, and increasing public health care expenses. Evidence from previous studies show that weight loss can significantly reduce the risk of obesity-related complications and chronic diseases.

Hydroxyurea ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE mice by potentially modulating Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein through the gut microbiota.

The efficacy and mechanism of hydroxyurea in the treatment of atherosclerosis have rarely been reported. The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of hydroxyurea in high-fat diet-fed ApoE mice against atherosclerosis and examine the possible mechanism underlying treatment outcomes. ApoE mice were fed a high-fat diet for 1 month and then administered hydroxyurea by gavage continuously for 2 months.

Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with progressive massive ascites and CA-125 elevation indicating Tjalma syndrome? A case report.

Background: Ascites, pleural effusion and raised CA-125 in the absence of malignancy in systemic lupus erythematosus is known as Tjalma syndrome.

Case Summary: We report a special case of a systemic lupus erythematosus patient presenting with Tjalma syndrome. She presented with ascites and elevated CA-125 in the absence of benign or malignant ovarian tumor and no pleural effusions, which is an unusual presentation for this rare condition.

Neurocutaneous melanosis with an intracranial cystic-solid meningeal melanoma in an adult: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare congenital, nonhereditary neurocutaneous syndrome that mainly occurs in children; adult NCM is very rare. Due to its rarity, the clinical features and treatment strategies for NCM remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of NCM in adults.

Berberine treats atherosclerosis via a vitamine-like effect down-regulating Choline-TMA-TMAO production pathway in gut microbiota.

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) derived from the gut microbiota is an atherogenic metabolite. This study investigates whether or not berberine (BBR) could reduce TMAO production in the gut microbiota and treat atherosclerosis. Effects of BBR on TMAO production in the gut microbiota, as well as on plaque development in atherosclerosis were investigated in the culture of animal intestinal bacterial, HFD-fed animals and atherosclerotic patients, respectively.

Oral berberine improves brain dopa/dopamine levels to ameliorate Parkinson's disease by regulating gut microbiota.

The phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-dopamine pathway provides dopamine to the brain. In this process, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme that hydroxylates tyrosine and generates levodopa (L-dopa) with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH) as a coenzyme. Here, we show that oral berberine (BBR) might supply H through dihydroberberine (reduced BBR produced by bacterial nitroreductase) and promote the production of BH from dihydrobiopterin; the increased BH enhances TH activity, which accelerates the production of L-dopa by the gut bacteria.

Hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary metastasis: A case report.

Background: Pituitary metastasis is an uncommon manifestation of systemic malignant tumors. Moreover, hyperprolactinemia and overall hypopituitarism caused by metastatic spread leading to the initial symptoms are rare.

Case Summary: A 53-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of bilateral blurred vision, dizziness, polyuria, nocturia, severe fatigue and somnolence, decreased libido, and intermittent nausea and vomiting for more than 6 mo.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone 1 receptor antagonism attenuates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors in rats.

Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and impairment of the central corticotropin-releasing factor system are factors in the pathogenesis of depression. Though several antagonists of the corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor were effective in the recognized behavioral tests for antidepressant activity, there is still little information on the potential interactions between corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor inhibitors and conventional antidepressant therapy. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of CP154526, a corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor blocker, which presented some signs of depression.

RETRACTED: LEF-1 gene silencing inhibits pulmonary vascular remodeling and occurrence of pulmonary arterial hypertension through the β-catenin signaling pathway.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).

MiR-188-3p upregulation results in the inhibition of macrophage proinflammatory activities and atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice.

Background: Atherosclerosis occurs as a result of a chronic inflammatory response in the arterial wall associated with an increased uptake of low-density lipoprotein by macrophages and the subsequent transformation of this lipoprotein into foam cells. It has been found that miR-188-3p can suppress autophagy and myocardial infarction. Therefore, we conducted the present study with determining the suppressive role played by miR-188-3p in atherosclerosis.

Significantly photoinduced synergy between sodium sulfite and ammonium nitrate and the mechanism study.

In this paper, a significantly photoinduced synergy between ammonium nitrate and sodium sulfite via dye decolorization was first found. This study mainly aims to explore the influences of several fundamental aspects on the photoinduced synergy as well as discuss the detailed mechanisms. The dye removal efficiencies of methyl orange and methylene blue of the synergistic system are much higher than that of a single one, and they reach 96.

CP and CP-PGN protect mice against MRSA infection by inducing M1 macrophages.

Corynebacterium pyruviciproducens (C. pyruviciproducens, CP), as a newly discovered immunomodulator, has been confirmed to have a stronger immunoregulation than Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) of the traditional immune adjuvant, by previous experiments with model antigen ovalbumin and sheep red blood cells.

Gut Microbiota-Mediated Personalized Treatment of Hyperlipidemia Using Berberine.

Nitroreductases (NRs) are bacterial enzymes that reduce nitro-containing compounds. We have previously reported that NR of intestinal bacteria is a key factor promoting berberine (BBR) intestinal absorption. We show here that feeding hamsters with high fat diet (HFD) caused an increase in blood lipids and NR activity in the intestine.

Generation of transgenic marmosets expressing genetically encoded calcium indicators.

Chronic monitoring of neuronal activity in the living brain with optical imaging techniques became feasible owing to the continued development of genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs). Here we report for the first time the successful generation of transgenic marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), an important nonhuman primate model in neurophysiological research, which were engineered to express the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based family of GECIs, GCaMP, under control of either the CMV or the hSyn promoter. High titer lentiviral vectors were produced, and injected into embryos collected from donor females.

Interaction effects on cytochrome P450 both in vitro and in vivo studies by two major bioactive xanthones from Halenia elliptica D. Don.

The major components, 1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxy-xanthone (HM-1) and 1,5-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-xanthone (HM-5) isolated from Halenia elliptica D. Don (Gentianaceae), could cause vasodilatation in rat coronary artery with different mechanisms. In this work, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) was used to clarify the metabolic pathways, and CYP450 isoform involvement of HM-1 and HM-5 were also studied in rat.

Multiple melanocytoma of the thoracic spine: a case report and literature review.

Background Context: Primary melanocytic neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare tumors, and multiple localized melanocytoma are even rarer.

Purpose: This study aimed to report an unusual case of multiple melanocytoma of the thoracic spine and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS melanocytoma.

Study Design: This study used a clinical case report and review of the literature.

Primary carcinoid tumor of medulla spinalis: case report and review of the literature.

Background: Carcinoid tumors are slow growing neuroendocrine tumors which can originate from various sites within the body. A carcinoid tumor originating in the medulla spinalis has not previously been reported in the literature.

Case Report: We report a case of a 33-year-old man, presenting with a five-month history of bilateral lower extremity pain, as well as paresthesia, and mild weakness in one lateral lower extremity.