Mesaconic acid as a key metabolite with anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties produced by Lactobacillus plantarum 124 from centenarian gut microbiota.

The gut microbiota of centenarians plays a vital role in promoting healthy longevity. We performed a cross-sectional study of 224 people from Jiaoling, China, which is globally recognised for the longevity of its residents. Compared with younger people, centenarians showed significantly increased alpha-diversity, enrichment of the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Christensenella, and increased redox capacity in the gut microbiota.

Recent advances in M13 phage display: Novel strategies of construction and biopanning recognition elements for food safety detection.

Food safety remains a critical global public health issue, necessitating accurate and sensitive methods for rapid identification. High-performance recognition elements are essential for the reliable detection of hazardous contaminants in food safety immunoassay analysis. Among the most promising approaches, M13 phage display has demonstrated considerable success in the selection of peptides and recombinant antibody fragments with high specificity and affinity for a broad range of targets, including foodborne pathogens, viruses, biotoxins, pesticide residues, and heavy metals.

Increased vaginal abundance and reduced D-galactose metabolism are associated with preterm birth in older mothers with columnar ectopy in South China.

Advanced maternal age is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the impact of changes in maternal physiology, biochemistry, vaginal microbiome, and its metabolites related to reproductive age on pregnancy outcomes is uncertain. Multi-omics were used to analyze vaginal samples collected from 195 pregnant women of different age groups to characterize the factors affecting the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in older mothers.

Stability of gut microbiota in non-small cell lung cancer patients during chemoradiotherapy and its association with radiation pneumonitis.

To assess the intra-patient stability of gut microbiota across longitudinal samples in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), its association with radiation pneumonitis (RP), and the factors driving such stability. Intra-patient gut microbial stability between consecutive time points was quantified by stability coefficients (mS scores) using iteratively growing-partitioned clustering. Patients with G0 RP exhibited higher mS scores compared with those with G2+ RP.

Bacillus spore germination: Interpretation of the spore germination mechanism and innovation of the inactivation strategies.

Bacillus is a ubiquitous genus renowned for its ability to form highly resilient spores, posing significant challenges to the food industry. As society progresses, the demand for high-quality food continues to rise. While reducing excessive processing helps maintain nutritional value and quality which fits the demands from consumers, it increases the risk of spore contamination.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain 84-3-derived l-glutamine ameliorates glucose homeostasis via AMPK/PPARγ signaling pathway activation in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Gut microbiota and their metabolites play an essential role in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, contributions of individual bacterial strains and their metabolites to T2D pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We investigated T2D regulation by Lactobacillus in various animal models to understand its therapeutic effects.

Cationic COF-based polymer electrolytes with synergistic hydrogen-bonding networks for enhanced Li desolvation and ionic conductivity in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) struggle with rapid dendrite growth at the Li/electrolyte interface under high rates, driven by poor interfacial chemistry and slow Li transport. Here, we integrate a cationic covalent organic framework with hydrogen-bonding networks (HC-COF) into a PEO matrix to form a composite electrolyte (HC-COF@PEO). Featuring guanidinium units, this cationic COF immobilizes anions through hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding), thus weakening Li solvation and accelerating Li ion transport kinetics.

Application of MALDI-TOF MS-based peptidome profiling for the identification of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in single and mixed inoculum.

The detection of mixed-species bacterial samples plays a vital role in ensuring food safety, yet research in this area remains notably limited. This study investigates the integration of MALDI-TOF MS-derived peptidome profiles with artificial intelligence (AI) to enable accurate identification of mixed bacterial species. The application of formic acid extraction, combined with a residual network (ResNet) significantly improved the prediction accuracy for mixed bacterial samples in multi-scale complex datasets, achieving 96.

Gut microbiota: a novel strategy affecting atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a common chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease affecting both coronary and peripheral arteries, which is influenced by multiple factors. It is increasingly evident that gut microbes and their byproducts play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. The most representative feature of microbial dysbiosis in coronary artery disease patients is the reduction of the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the increase of the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, which may cause changes in functional genes and metabolites.

Dexmedetomidine alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization via inhibition of PKM2-mediated Warburg effect.

Sepsis is a leading cause of in-hospital mortality, with more than 50% of patients developing Acute Lung Injury (ALI). Alveolar macrophages are the primary immune cells in lung tissue and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ALI. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in both sepsis mice models of ALI and Lipopolysaccharide & Interferon gamma (LPS&IFN-γ)- stimulated macrophages, elucidating its underlying mechanism.

Comparative analysis of nutritional and flavor compound alterations in Cordyceps militaris juice fermented by single or mixed Lactobacillus strains.

Cordyceps militaris (CM) is a precious edible and medicinal mushroom known for its bioactive components, which can potentially be enhanced through microbial fermentation. This study conducted a comparative analysis of nutritional and flavor compound changes in CM juice (CMJ) fermented by single or mixed Lactobacillus strains. Results showed that all Lactobacillus strains (L.

Corrigendum: Prebiotic effect of fructooligosaccharides from on Alzheimer's disease in rodent models by targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.

Constructing BiOI@N/g-CN with S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photoelectrochemical performances towards highly sensitive and selective detection of trace chlorpyrifos.

Chlorpyrifos, one of the organophosphorus pesticide commonly used in the environment, may bring about an irreversible harm such as lung cancer to human body. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection techniques based on g-CN for sensing chlorpyrifos have attracted increasing attentions, but impeded by several inherent constraints such as a limit of active sites and carriers transfer. To conquer these challenges, a photoelectrochemical sensor of BiOI@N/g-CN with a step scheme heterojunction was thereby proposed for the sensitive and selective detection of trace chlorpyrifos.

Corrigendum: detection using conventional PCR and quantitative real-time PCR based on species-specific novel gene targets identified by pangenome analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.

Network Pharmacology-Based Elucidation of the Hypoglycemic Mechanism of GF5000 Polysaccharides via GCK modulation in Diabetic Rats.

Background/objectives: Our lab has previously reported that (maitake mushroom) GF5000 has antidiabetic potential owing to its ability to improve insulin resistance. This study aimed to gain insight into the system-level hypoglycemic mechanisms of GF5000 using transcriptomics, proteomics, and network pharmacology. This study provides new insights into the hypoglycemic mechanisms of GF5000, identifying key molecular targets involved in mitigating insulin resistance in T2DM.

Early Nutritional Intervention in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy: A Phase II Prospective Study.

This phase II study aimed to evaluate the impact of early nutritional intervention on the nutritional status and survival of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LANSCLC) patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). : LANSCLC patients treated with CCRT were enrolled in the study group and received early nutritional intervention, including individualized nutrition counseling and oral nutritional supplements, from the initiation of CCRT to 2 weeks after its completion. The primary endpoint was the incidence of weight loss ≥5% during the CCRT.

Trapping phenylacetaldehyde by litchi shell polyphenols and their characteristic catechins in chemical model and roast pork patty: Identification of catechins-adducts and toxicity assessment.

Inhibitory effects of litchi shell polyphenols (LC) and their characteristic catechins on 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazole [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) formation were investigated in chemical model and roast pork patty. Eight catechins-adducts were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and their toxicity were evaluated by Discovery Studio. Results showed inhibition rates of LC on bound-PhIP could reach 10.

Zero bias conductance peak related to spin triplet states in noncollinear magnetized graphene superconducting junctions.

We investigated the zero-bias conductance peak in a graphene-based ferromagnet/ferromagnet/barrier/d-wave superconductor (F/F/B/d-wave SC) heterojunction. Our research indicates that the spin-triplet pairing states induced by non-collinear magnetizations do not lead to the splitting of the zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP), and the anomalous Andreev reflection makes a significant contribution to the ZBCP. In the case of half-metal, the triplet bound states appear at zero incident energy due to Klein tunneling, which is coincide with the singlet bound states, resulting in the ZBCP arises solely due to spin-triplet pairing states.

Polysaccharide F2 Ameliorates Disordered Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Prediabetic Mice by Modulating Bile Acids.

Prediabetes (pre-DM) is the buffer period before developing overt type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and the search for novel food agents to protect against pre-DM is in high demand. Our team previously reported that the (maitake mushroom) polysaccharide F2 reduced insulin resistance in T2DM rats induced by streptozocin (STZ) combined with a high-fat diet (HFD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of polysaccharide F2 on disordered lipid and glucose metabolism and to investigate its mechanisms in pre-DM mice.

Maternal consumption of urbanized diet compromises early-life health in association with gut microbiota.

Urbanization has significantly transformed dietary habits worldwide, contributing to a globally increased burden of non-communicable diseases and altered gut microbiota landscape. However, it is often overlooked that the adverse effects of these dietary changes can be transmitted from the mother to offspring during early developmental stages, subsequently influencing the predisposition to various diseases later in life. This review aims to delineate the detrimental effects of maternal urban-lifestyle diet (urbanized diet) on early-life health and gut microbiota assembly, provide mechanistic insights on how urbanized diet mediates mother-to-offspring transfer of bioactive substances in both intrauterine and extrauterine and thus affects fetal and neonatal development.

Comparison of mTOR inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy versus that alone in breast cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors with endocrine therapy versus endocrine therapy alone in treating advanced or metastatic estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) + breast cancer.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing mTOR inhibitors plus endocrine therapy with endocrine therapy alone up to September 2024.

Results: This analysis included 10 RCTs comprising 3,337 patients.

Gut microbiota-driven BCAA biosynthesis via Staphylococcus aureus -expressed acetolactate synthase impairs glycemic control in type 2 diabetes in South China.

An increase in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels can result in insulin resistance at different stages of type 2 diabetes (T2D), however, the causes of this increase are unclear. We performed metagenomics and metabolomics profiling in patients with prediabetes (PDM), newly diagnosed diabetes (NDDM), and post-medication type 2 diabetes (P2DM) to investigate whether altered gut microbes and metabolites could explain the specific clinical characteristics of different disease stages of T2D. Here we identify acetolactate synthase (ALS) a BCAA biosynthesis enzyme in Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of T2D insulin resistance.

Occurrence and Diversity of Fungi and Their Mycotoxin Production in Common Edible and Medicinal Substances from China.

Edible and medicinal substances can be contaminated by fungi during harvesting, processing, and storage, leading to mycotoxin production and quality deterioration. The distribution of mycotoxigenic fungi in edible and medicinal substances was investigated in this study. Fungi and mycotoxins were detected in 163 commercially available edible and medicinal substances using standard microbiological techniques and high-performance liquid chromatography.