From Light to Logic: Recent Advances in Optoelectronic Logic Gate.

This review delves into the advancements in optoelectronic logic gate (OELG) devices, emphasizing their transformative potential in computational technology through the integration of optical and electronic components. OELGs present significant advantages over traditional electronic logic gates, including enhanced processing speed, bandwidth, and energy efficiency. The evolution of OELG architectures from single-device, single-logic systems to more sophisticated multidevice, multilogic, and reconfigurable OELGs is comprehensively explored.

Study Protocol of Expanded Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro-EXP).

Background: Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as a viable management strategy for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), following pioneering trials at Kuma Hospital and the Cancer Institute Hospital in Japan. Numerous prospective cohort studies have since validated AS as a management option for low-risk PTMC, leading to its inclusion in thyroid cancer guidelines across various countries. From 2016 to 2020, the Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro) enrolled 1,177 patients, providing comprehensive data on PTMC progression, sonographic predictors of progression, quality of life, surgical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness when comparing AS to immediate surgery.

Stochastic Photoresponse-Driven Perovskite TRNGs for Secure Encryption Systems.

True random numbers are essential for ensuring information security and supporting simulations across various industries. With the exponential growth of data driven by advancements in artificial intelligence, robust encryption for communications has become increasingly important. While software-based deterministic random number algorithms are cost-effective and easy to use, they are vulnerable to attacks by powerful supercomputers, highlighting the need for more secure alternatives.

Effects of Unit Cell Size on Thermal Conductivity in Two Different Polymorphs of Niobium Diselenide.

2D materials possess weak inter-layer van der Waals bonding, allowing them to exist as different polymorphs depending on the stacking sequence of the layers. Herein, the thermal conductivities of the 2H-NbSe and 2H-3R-NbSe polymorphs by conducting experimental measurements and theoretical analysis are comparatively studied. Owing to its 1.

Compact Vital-Sensing Band with Uninterrupted Power Supply for Core Body Temperature and Pulse Rate Monitoring.

Although wearable devices for continuous monitoring of vital signs have undergone significant advancements, their need for frequent recharging precludes continuous operation, potentially leading to adverse outcomes being overlooked. Additionally, the scattered locations of the sensors hamper wearability. Herein, we present a compact vital-sensing band with uninterrupted power supply designed for continuous monitoring of core body temperature (CBT) and pulse rate.

Label-free optical detection of calcium ion influx in cell-derived nanovesicles using a conical Au/PDMS biosensor.

Ion channels, which are key to physiological regulation and drug discovery, control ion flux across membranes, and their dysregulation leads to various diseases. Ca monitoring is crucial for cellular signaling when performing Ca-based assays in ion channel research; these assays are widely utilized in both academic and pharmaceutical contexts for drug screening and pharmacological profiling. However, existing detection methods are limited by slow detection speeds, low throughput, complex processes, and low analyte viability.

Outcomes of bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic parathyroidectomy open parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism: a single-institution retrospective study.

Purpose: Bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic parathyroidectomy (BABA-RP) aims to remove overactive or enlarged parathyroid glands with no visible neck collar incision. In this study, we compared the safety and surgical outcomes of BABA-RP those of an open surgery group to ascertain whether BABA-RP is a safe and feasible surgical approach for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT).

Methods: This single-institution retrospective cohort study included 74 patients with primary HPT who underwent open parathyroidectomy (n = 37) or BABA-RP (n = 37) at our institution between November 2014 and March 2023.

The anterior neck scar outcomes of conventional thyroidectomy using a wound protector: a multicenter double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a novel wound protector in enhancing the cosmetic outcomes of thyroidectomy.

Material And Methods: This multicenter, double-blinded randomized controlled trial enrolled 129 patients undergoing open thyroidectomy. The patients were divided into a wound protector group and a control group.

Monolithic Perovskite-Silicon Dual-Band Photodetector for Efficient Spectral Light Discrimination.

Selective spectral discrimination of visible and near-infrared light, which accurately distinguishes different light wavelengths, holds considerable promise in various fields, such as automobiles, defense, and environmental monitoring. However, conventional imaging technologies suffer from various issues, including insufficient spatial optimization, low definition, and optical loss. Herein, a groundbreaking advancement is demonstrated in the form of a dual-band photodiode with distinct near-infrared- and visible-light discrimination obtained via simple voltage control.

Analyzing circulating tumor cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition status of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients following thyroidectomy: a prospective cohort study.

Background: This study investigated the prevalence and subtype distribution of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) before and after thyroidectomy to determine the potential of CTC count as a noninvasive marker of the efficacy of surgical treatment in PTC.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2021 and January 2022, 62 PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were prospectively evaluated. Peripheral blood samples (7.

TSH receptor antibody as a predictor of difficult robotic thyroidectomy in patients with Graves' disease.

Thyroidectomy in Graves' disease can be challenging due to greater thyroid size and vascularity. While thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) level is associated with disease severity and thyroid vascularity, its impact on operative outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to compare challenging factors for robotic thyroidectomy (RT) and open thyroidectomy (OT) in Graves' disease patients, including TRAb as a predictive factor for difficult thyroidectomy.

Observation of changes in quality of life for 5 years after thyroid surgery: an observational cross-sectional study in Korean population.

Purpose: As thyroid cancer patients are experiencing longer disease-free survival periods, evaluating their quality of life after surgery has become crucial. However, studies on this topic have primarily focused on Western populations, leaving a gap in understanding the Korean patient population's experiences and needs. This study aims to address this gap and provide insights into the quality of life of thyroid cancer patients in Korea.

Incidence and Clinicopathological Features of Differentiated High-Grade Thyroid Carcinomas: An Institutional Experience.

Differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma (DHGTC) is a new entity in the 2022 WHO classification. We aimed to investigate the incidence and clinicopathological features of differentiated HG thyroid carcinoma (DHGTC) and compare the clinicopathological parameters of DHGTC, DTC without HG features, and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC). A total of 1069 DTCs including papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) were included in this study.

Ultrastrong Coupling Enhancement with Squeezed Mode Volume in Terahertz Nanoslots.

Metallic nanogaps have emerged as a versatile platform for realizing ultrastrong coupling in terahertz frequencies. Increasing the coupling strength generally involved reducing the gap width to minimize the mode volume, which presents challenges in fabrication and efficient material coupling. Here, we propose employing terahertz nanoslots, which can efficiently squeeze the mode volume in an extra dimension alongside the gap width.

Noninvasive and Continuous Monitoring of the Core Body Temperature through the Quantitative Measurement of Blood Perfusion Rate.

Core body temperature (CBT) is one of the four vital signs that must be monitored continuously. The continuous recording of CBT is possible through invasive methods by inserting a temperature probe into specific body sites. We report a novel method to monitor CBT through the quantitative measurement of skin blood perfusion rate (ω).

Bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy in pediatric patients with thyroid disease and cancer.

Purpose: Robotic thyroid surgeries have cosmetic advantages over open surgeries, which are especially important in pediatric patients due to social stigmas from neck scars. The present study describes outcomes in a series of children who underwent bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) robotic thyroidectomy.

Methods: Pediatric patients aged ≤18 years who underwent BABA robotic thyroidectomy between 2014 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.

Effect of body habitus on surgical outcomes following bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: BMI has been shown to predict perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. Most studies assessing the role of body habitus in thyroid surgery have focused on open surgery, with few studies assessing patients undergoing robotic surgery. The present study evaluated the effects of BMI on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) robotic thyroidectomy.

BRAF and TERT promoter C228T mutations on ThyroSeq v3 analysis of delayed skin metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer: a case report and literature review.

Background: Skin metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a rare entity that can occur up to decades after treatment of the primary tumor. Here, we present a patient who developed skin metastasis 10 years after treatment of her primary tumor and describe the molecular findings of the metastatic lesion.

Case Presentation: A 44-year-old female with a history of PTC who underwent a total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment 10 years ago presented with a 1.

Bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic total thyroidectomy in a 5-year-old patient with intractable Graves' disease.

Robotic thyroid surgeries in children are gaining popularity due to cosmetic advantages, but most previous studies include patients of school-age or older. We hereby introduce our case of a 5-year-old patient with Graves' disease to show key differences and similarities between pediatric and adult bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) robotic thyroidectomies. Despite the small body, no additional working space was needed and the flap creation was performed as similarly done in adults.

The short video lecture for robotic bilateral axillo-breast approach to lateral neck lymph node dissection.

Lateral neck lymph node dissection (LND) along with total thyroidectomy is the standard treatment for thyroid cancer patients with metastases to the lateral neck lymph nodes. In general, lateral neck LND removes lymph nodes located at levels II to V ipsilateral to the thyroid cancer and preserves the spinal accessory nerve, internal jugular vein, and sternomastoid muscle during surgery. This video article was written to introduce the robotic bilateral axillo-breast approach for lateral neck LND and to describe the surgical method.